行政管理英文文献
篇一：行政管理公共管理论文中英文外文翻译文献
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外教一对一授课中英文外文翻译文献
surname什么意思
The New Public Management Situationmang
No doubt, many countries in the world, and both developed countries and developing countries, in the late 1980s and early 1990s began a continuous public ctor management reform movement. The reform movement is still in many aspects government continue to the organization and management of the influence. People in the reforms view repudiating them. Critics especially in Britain and the United States, critics say the new mode of various problems exist, but also does not have the international prevailing reform of public management, could not be called paradigm. Criticism from almost every aspect of the change. Most of the academic criticism belong to the mouth. Different schools of thought in detail discussion, The academic journal articles and abstraction, from reality. At the same time, in the practice of public management and
implementation of the reform and the change. As I in other articles in the thought, in most countries, the
traditional public administrative mode for public management mode has been replaced. The reform of public department responded to the realities of veral interrelated problems, including: the function of public ctor provide public rvices of low efficiency, Economic theory of change, Private ctor related changes impact of globalization, especially as a kind of economic power, T echnology changes made decentralization and better control globally becomes possible. The administrative management can be divided into three stages: the development of distinct phas, and public administration before traditional pattern and public management reform stage. Each stage has its own management mode. From a stage of transition to the next stage is not easy, from the traditional public administration to public administration has not yet completed the transition. But it was only a matter of time. Becau the new mode of theoretical basis is very strong. The new public management movement , although this name, but it is not only a debate in the booming, and in most developed countries have taken the best management mode of expression. The traditional
即使英文administrative mode than it's age is a great reform, but that time has pasd.
A traditional patternccr5
Obviously, in the late 19th century bureaucracy system theory, not sound already exists some form o
f administrative management. Public administration has a long history, and it is the concept of a government and the ri of civilization as history. As the ca Glad2den Osama bin laden (point), a model of administrative since the government appears has existed. First is endowed with founder or leader, then is the social or administrative person to organizers of eternity. Administration management or business is all in social activities, although not among factors, but the glow of social sustainable development is of vital importance. Recognized administrative system in ancient Egypt is already exists, its jurisdiction from the Nile flooding caud by the year to build the pyramids irrigation affairs. China is adopted in the han dynasty, Confucian norms that government should be elected, not according to the background, but according to the character and ability, the government's main goal is to ek the welfare of the people. In Europe, various empire - Greek, Roman, and the holy Roman, Spain's
administrative empire, they first by the central through various rules and procedures. Weber's thought, modern medieval countries develop simultaneously with bureaucratic management structure development. Although the countries in different ways, but they have common features, it can be called before modern. Namely, the administrative system of early esnce is the personification of, or the establishment in Max Weber's nepotism basis, i.e. to loyal to the king or min
ister certain human foundation, not is personified, With allegiance to the organization or individual basis rather than for the foundation. Although there
公共英语四级are such a viewpoint that administration itlf not only prai from traditional mode, the characteristic of early but often leads to ek personal interests corruption or abu of power. In the early administrative system, we now feel very strange approach has the functions of government administration is generally behavior. All tho who walk official tend to rely on friends or relatives for work or buy officer, which means the money to buy the first officer or tax officials, and then out to the customer to money, which is the first to buy officer recovery investment cost, and can make a
fortune. America in the 19th century FenFei system of political parties means in the ruling changed at the same time, the government of all administrative position is changed. Modern bureaucracy is before personal, traditional, diffusion and similar and special, and according to the argument, modern Weber bureaucracy is impersonal, rational, concrete, achievement orientation and common. Personalized government is often inefficient: nepotism means incompetent not capable person was arranged to positions of leadership, FenFei political corruption, in addition to making often still exist rious low efficiency. The enormous success of traditional administrative pattern that early practice looks strange. Specialization and not politicized administrative in our opinion is so difficult to imagine
邀请信格式that trace, there exist other system. Western administrative system even simple lection of officials to pass the exam, until 1854, Britain and north G..M. Trevelyan report after Northcote - began to establish in China, although the system has long passage.java软件培训
The traditional public administrative pattern
In the late 19th century, additionally one kind of pattern on the world popular, this is the so-called traditional
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