academic_style
学英语的电影
Academic Style
In the same way that recipes or disc jockeys u a particular style and form of language, academic assignments usually follow a particular style. Here are some guidelines:
Be tentative
focus是什么意思Very little in the world is clearly either right or wrong, all or nothing. Beliefs we may have held at one time may be challenged. Most rearch cannot cover every ca of an event or phenomenon so most theories are open to modification. Academics, therefore, are cautious in the way they prent their findings. And so should you be in your assignments. U words or phras such as: ?suggests that
there is a tendency for
it would em that
probable
the majority of
eg. Recent rearch suggests that a majority of people prefer email to traditional letter-writing as a mode of communication (Mahlab 1994).
Be preci and specific
It’s important to be clear about what you are saying and to be able to u the specific terminology of your subject or discipline. You can’t assume that a tutor will simply know what you mean. When you really know your subject you should be able to explain the main terms and articulate the main ideas to someone who hasn’t studied in your area. You could:
so sokeep your own glossary (list) of subject at the back of a folder
develop a list of “power” words, ones that say a lot very succinctly: e.g. "a controversial idea" is
a much more preci way of saying "an idea that not everyone agrees with", "nocturnal" is a
more preci word for "is active at night".
get other people to read your work
become a ruthless editor, cutting out as much dead-wood as possible
u specific examples to illustrate your points rather than just talk generally. eg. If you are discussing the power of brand recognition you could talk about "Kleenex" or "Nike"
u a good dictionary - not a pocket onebbf
u a subject-specific dictionary eg. dictionary of economics
Learning Links /doc/11fc2380d4d8d15abe234efa.html .au/studyandlearningcentre/
Quick Tips/academic style February 2007
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圣诞节快乐英文怎么说
U formal language
competitiveness
Writing a university assignment is quite different from having a casual chat with friends. You are expected to u a more formal type of language. This may mean changing habits you have developed and allowing plenty of time to revi your style
after you have finished the main content.
You need to:
avoid slang eg. cool, and language that is too casual eg. pretty awful.. So you might say instead that a paper was persuasive or insightful or poorly rearched or unsubstantiated.
u full forms rather than abbreviations eg does not, should have, it is rather than doesn’t, should’ve, it’s.
consider the u of nominalisation (making noun structures) rather than wordy verb structures
eg: "Comprehension is aided by repetition” is more formal than "You can understand
something better if it is repeated.”
or “The rapid increa in crime was causing concern among the police” is more formal
than ”Crime was increasing rapidly and the police were becoming concerned.” Warning: too much nominalisation can make your writing unnecessarily complex and tedious to read. You have to strike a balance here.tribute词根
U impersonal language
In some subject areas you are expected to avoid the pronoun "I". At the same time, however, you are often asked to make judgements and include your own views on an issue. How can you do this without saying "I think… "etc?
In fact, whatever is included in your essay that is not attributed to someone el, (ie. Jones (1987) , according to Smith (1994)....) is assumed to be yours.
So instead of saying "I think that all guns should be banned" you can say “There is a ca for stricter government control on guns.” The fact that you are not reporting another person’s view implies that it is your own.
U powerful reporting words
amc官网When you include other people’s rearch you can pack in extra meaning by using a more preci r
eporting word.
eg "Jacob (1998) concedes that the test is not 100% reliable." is more powerful than "Jacob " since concedes carries the extra meaning of giving up something from a position. Other uful reporting words include:
describe, contend, examine, state, disagree, obrve, asrt, support, claim, dispute
wxz>cubssuggest, purport, persuade, dismiss, refute, propo, concur, recommend, object, contradict
NB The more you read academic material, the faster you will pick up the appropriate academic style.
Learning Links /doc/11fc2380d4d8d15abe234efa.html .au/studyandlearningcentre/
Quick Tips/academic style February 2007
