⾮谓语动词的定义是什么意思
⾮谓语动词，⼜叫⾮限定动词，⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的⾮谓语形式。下⾯是百分⽹店铺给⼤家整理的⾮谓语动词的定义简介，希望能帮到⼤家!
⾮谓语动词的定义
在句⼦中充当除谓语以外的各种句⼦成分的动词形式，叫做⾮谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。⾮谓语动词也是动词的⼀种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。⾮谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
⾮谓语动词与谓语动词
相同点
如果是及物动词都可与宾语连⽤，例如：
They built a garden.
partial They suggested building a garden.
都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit ud to fit him very well.
都有主动与被动，“体”式(⼀般式；进⾏式；完成式)的变化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition,we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
fun
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member,the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语)
否定式⼀般⽤not，并且放在⾮谓语动词之前
不同点
⾮谓语动词可以有名词作⽤(如动词不定式和动名词)，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
⾮谓语动词可以有形容词作⽤(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补⾜语。
⾮谓语动词可以有副词作⽤(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中作状语。黑板的英语怎么说
谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的⼈称和数的限制;⾮谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的⼈称和数的限制。
英语中不能单独做句⼦的谓语。
⾮谓语动词形式功能
动词不定式
动词不定式：(to)+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式：not + (to) do
以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：
1.⼀般式：不定式的⼀般式所表⽰的动作与谓语动词动作同时发⽣或发⽣在谓语动词动作之后.
例如：
It's nice to meet you.很⾼兴见到你。
He ems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。
We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划去参观。
He wants to be an artist. 他想成为⼀个艺术家。
The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病⼈要求马上⼿术。
The teacher ordered the work to be done. ⽼师要求完成⼯作。
2.进⾏式：不定式的进⾏式所表⽰的动作与谓语动词动作同时发⽣，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装⼯作得很努⼒。
He ems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间⾥⾯读书。
twin 3.完成式：不定式的完成式表⽰的动作发⽣在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。
I happened to have en the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。
He is plead to have met his friend. 他很⾼兴能遇上他的朋友。
不定式的句法功能：
(1)作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. ⼗分钟之内完成这项⼯作是很难的。
To lo your heart means failure. 灰⼼意味着失败。
动词不定式短语作主语时，常⽤it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上⾯两句可⽤如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. ⼗分钟之内完成这项⼯作是很难的。
It means failure to lo your heart. 灰⼼意味着失败。
常⽤句式有：
1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。optimal control
3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。常⽤careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wi，等表⽰赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
2.作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall. 她的⼯作是打扫⼤厅。
He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
3.作宾语：
作品小样的英文 常与不定式做宾语连⽤的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refu,manage,help,agree,promi,prefer，如果不定式(宾语)后⾯有宾语补⾜语，则⽤it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补⾜语后⾯，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这⾥，别⽆选择。
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周⽇除了修他的⾃⾏车什么也没⼲。
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连⽤，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们⼀些学英语的建议。
4.作宾语补⾜语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补⾜语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advi,persuade,allow,prepare,cau,force,call on,wait for,invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连⽤，如：
With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema. 他有很多⼯作要做，所以没去电影院。
informatica 有些动词如make,let,e,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连⽤，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to，如：
I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。
He was en to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。
5.作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend. 我有⼀个会议要出席。
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、⼯具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good hou to live in. 他找到了⼀个居住的好房⼦。
The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩⼦⽆忧⽆虑。
What did you open it with? 你⽤什么打开它?
如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live. 他⽆处安⾝。
This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可⽤主动式也可⽤被动式：
Have you got anything to nd? 你要送什么东西吗?
Have you got anything to be nt? 你有什么东西需要送吗?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了⼀个完成⼯作的计划。
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here. 他第⼀个来到这⼉。
6.作状语：
①表⽬的：
He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继⽇地⼯作来赚钱。
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了⾃⼰的头发来买那条表链。
注意不定式放句⾸时，逻辑主语与句⼦主语要⼀致：
wrong：To save money,every means has been tried.
right：To save money,he has tried every means. 为了省钱，他使出了浑⾝解数。
wrong：To learn English well,a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well,he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语，他需要⼀本词典。
②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外)：常放在never only后
He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见⽕车已经⾛了。
I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。
③表原因：常放在形容词后⾯
They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻⾮常伤⼼。
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to e anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。
The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的。
7.作⽬的状语：既可以放在句⾸，也可以放在句尾
To tell you the truth,I don't like the way he talked. 说实话，我不喜欢他讲话的⽅式。
8.不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it,you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。
9.不定式的并列：第⼆个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医⽣。
不定式
1. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to clo to,come to,lead to,refer to,
equal to,familiar to,point to,thank to,devote to,next to,belong to,be ud to,look forward to
2. 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
( 但是：He was en to enter the classroom .)
3. 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时⽤of .
区别：当使⽤for时，句中形容词修饰的是不定式;⽽⽤of时，句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。
It’s necessary for you to study hard .(necessary 修饰 to study hard，表⽰学习努⼒是有必要的)clever是什么意思
It’s foolish of him to do it .(foolish 修饰逻辑主语him)
与of 连⽤的形容词有：
good,kind,nice,wi,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,…
与for连⽤的通常是⼀些表⽰可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词：
possible，impossible，easy，hard，difficult，necessary，…
4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
深圳成人want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promi,teach,refu,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choo,expect etc.
需要宾语补⾜语的动词不能⽤动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，⽽要⽤it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . ⽽说We think it important to obey the laws .
5.不定式作宾语补⾜语时省略to的情况：若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make，let，have(表⽰“让、使”)、感官动词e，watch，look at，obrve，
notice，hear，listen to， feel时，不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为⼝诀：“三使五看两听⼀感觉”。例如：
Let's (to)go!⾛吧!
He saw the thief (to)steal a lady’s cellphone.
注：改为被动句时要把to还原，例如：
The thief was entosteal a lady’s cellphone.
6.不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。
want to,wish to,hope to,like to,hate to,plan to,try to,love to,have to,ought to,need to,ud to,be able to
7.不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1)动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Plea lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2)主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office,for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )
7.不定式作状语，可以有以下⼏种意义：
1) 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常⽤的.形容词有：
happy,glad,delighted,plead,sorry,eager,anxious . lucky,fortunate,proud,angry surprid,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy
2) ⽬的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作补⾜语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带to 的不定式作补⾜语的动词有：
e,feel,hear,listen to,look at,watch,let,have make,obrve,notice
注：当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to，如：
He was en to play in the street just now.
动名词
动名词：
动名词既具有动词的⼀些特征，⼜具有名词的句法功能。
⼀般式(谓语动词同时发⽣)
doing
being done
完成式(谓语动词发⽣之前)
having done
having been done
动名词的形式：Ving
否定式：not + 动名词
⼀般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
被动式：
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
完成式：
We remembered having en the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到⼴州去过。
否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
复合结构：物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试⼀次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多⿇烦。
动名词的句法功能：
作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常⽤it作形式主语。
It's no u quarrelling.争吵是没⽤的。
作表语：
In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的⼯作是产卵。
作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好⼤坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻⽌空⽓被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上⾯两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补⾜语，则常⽤形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他⼈不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免)，excu,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mind,permit,forbid,practi,risk(冒险)，appreciate(感激)，be busy,be worth,feel like,can't stand,can't help(情不⾃禁地)，think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…(from)，protect…from,t about,be engaged in,spend…(in),succeed in,be ud to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like
作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能⾛路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
作同位语：
The cave,his hiding-place is cret. 那个⼭洞，他藏⾝的地⽅很秘密。
His habit,listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收⾳机新闻节⽬的习惯仍未改变。
现在分词
现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的⼀些特征，⼜具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
1.现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的⼀般式表⽰与谓语动词所表⽰的动作同时发⽣，完成
式表⽰的动作在谓语动词所表⽰的动作之前发⽣，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park,singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园⾛去。
Having done his homework,he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
2.现在分词的被动语态：⼀般式表⽰与谓语动词同时发⽣的被动的动作，完成式表⽰发⽣在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discusd is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好⼏遍，这个淘⽓的孩⼦⼜犯了同⼀个错误。
现在分词的句法功能：
作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的⼏年中，他学习更努⼒了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与⽼师谈话的那个⼈是我们班长的⽗亲。
现在分词作定语相当于⼀个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可⽤in the years that
followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The prent situation is inspiring. 当前的形势⿎舞⼈⼼。
be + doing既可能表⽰现在进⾏时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表⽰进⾏的
动作是进⾏时，⽽表⽰特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
作宾语补⾜语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补⾜语：
e,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,obrve,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让⼩汽车在门⼝等着。
现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.
在⼯⼚⼯作时，他是⼀名先进⼯⼈。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member,he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他⼈。
③作⽅式状语，表⽰伴随：
He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家⾥，⼜擦⼜洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces. 他把杯⼦掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作⽬的状语：
He went swimming the other day. ⼏天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
虽然⾬下得很⼤，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独⽴主格：
I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时，⼀只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting,we'll do another two exercis.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可⽤with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独⽴成分：
udging from(by) his appearance,he must be an actor.
从外表看，他⼀定是个演员。
Generally speaking,girls are more careful. ⼀般说来，⼥孩⼦更细⼼。
过去分词
过去分词只有⼀种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统⼀的规则 要求，要⼀⼀记住。
过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周⼀我们班开展了⼀次有组织的旅⾏。
Tho lected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的⼈将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，⼀般⽤于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后⾯。过去分词做 定语相当于⼀个被动语态的定语从句。
过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表⽰状态是系表结构，如果表⽰被动的动作是被动语态。区别：
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表⽰被动，只表⽰完成。如：
boiled water(开⽔) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the rin sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
嚆矢 这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,rin,changed,arrived,returned,pasd等。
过去分词作宾语补⾜语：
I heard the song sung veral times last week.
上周我听见这⾸歌被唱了好⼏次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补⾜语：
With the work done,they went out to play. ⼯作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
过去分词作状语：
Praid by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为⽗母的骄傲。(表⽰原因)
Once en,it can never be forgotten.
⼀旦它被看见，⼈们就忘不了。(表⽰时间)
Given more time,I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。(表⽰条件)
Though told of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒⽣命危险去救那个孩⼦。(表⽰让步)
Filled with hopes and fears,he entered the cave. ⼼中充满了希望与恐惧，他⾛进⼭洞。
【⾮谓语动词的定义是什么意思】
