高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨2则
高中英语 | 阅读理解技巧点拨（1）
理解主旨和要义——段落大意题和全文大意题
理解语篇的主旨和要义是高考英语阅读理解的考查技能之一。解答这种类型的题目需要考生具备很强的篇章分析能力。从考查的题型类别看，理解主旨和要义的题目一般可分为两类：段落大意题和全文大意题。段落大意题针对语篇的某段或者某几段的主要内容进行提问。全文大意题针对整个语篇的主题进行提问。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种题型的解题技巧具体说明。
☆段落大意题
解答段落大意题，最关键的是要找到段落主题句。段落主题句可出现在段首或段尾。这类文章一般段内层次较为分明，多采用“总——分”或“分——总”结构。但有时主题句会出现在段落的中间，这时段落结构一般是：细节——主题——细节。请特别关注段落内起过渡作用的词汇，如however、but、and、also、for example、in conclusion、on the contrary等。
例1：（2022年高考英语全国I卷D篇，保留原题号，下同）
abstract是什么意思The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific rearch. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated
大一英语学习计划
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
【分析】
段落主题句为Recent studies have found positive effects。第一句介绍人与植物之间的关系为科学研究的常见主题。第二句（主题句）介绍近期的研究指出了植物对人的积极影响。之后的两句用两个科研成果具体阐释了这些积极影响。答案选项（D项）中的Benefits为主题词positive effects的同义替换表达。
例2：（2022年高考英语全国III卷B篇） ...
The creative team behind “Apes” ud motion-capture ( 动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later process it with computer graphics to create a final image ( 图像). In this ca, one of a realistic-looking ape.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making “Apes. ”
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
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C. The publicity about “Apes. ”
箱子的英文
D. The performance of real apes.
【分析】
该段落遵循了“总——分”的写作方法。该段由两句构成，首句的主句部分为段落主题句，介绍了《猩球崛起》的创意团队用动作捕捉技术制作电子动物。第二句具体介绍了这部电影中制作的是“猿”这种动物。答案选项（B项）中的creation原词复现了主题句中的create；digitalized apes是主题句中的digitalized animals的下义词；apes与原文第二句中的ape构成原词复现。
☆全文大意题
全文大意题考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具有提纲挈领的能力。做这类题时，要求考生能理解全文细节，然后运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行总结。常用的技巧有：
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寒暄1. 寻找主题句。文章的主题句通常出现在文章第一段或最后一段，而有些文章需要通过归纳总结每段的段落大意获得主题句。
2. 抓住高频词。选项形式为一两个单词或一个短语时，文中被反复提到的概念或名称多是正确选项。
3. 看选项特点。正确选项通常不含表示绝对意义的词，而且不能只是概括某个细节或表述局部观点，也不能包括文章没有提及的内容。
例1：（2022年高考英语全国II卷B篇）...
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition ( 认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The rearchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activi
ties at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assd at 54 months of age.
...
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. A mathematical method.
B. A scientific study.
C. A woman psychologist.
D. A teaching program.
冬装搭配【分析】
该题目的选项均由三个词的词组组成，属于高度概括型的选项。文章中的Psychologist、re
archers、found、analyzed、findings等词为主题词，这些词分别与科学研究的从事者、研究的实施方法、研究的结果相关，据此可判断，文章的主要内容是一项科学研究，故选B项。
铁幕演说是谁发表的
例2：（2022年高考英语全国III卷C篇）
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their
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