中国和西方的酒文化
Abstract
The wine，which plays an important role in the daily life, is familiar to human being s. People’s life becomes colorful with it. As regards the wine culture, there exists di fference between China and the western countries. The raw material and drinking c ustom is different in terms of geography. There also exist similarities. Both China a nd western countries have some beautiful legends about the origin of wine and the symbol wine of spirit, leading to the birth of romanticism and the development of mainstream belief. The development of world wine culture depends on the intercom munication of different nations. Thus, communicating with other nations is helpful a nd indispensable to the development of wine culture. Three methods can be done t o promote intercommunication. Nowadays, as we know, globalization is inevitable, s o is the intercommunication of wine culture between countries.
Key Words
Wine culture; cultural difference; habit of drinking
摘要
我们对于酒是非常熟悉的，酒在人们的日常生活中起着不可替代的作用，有了它人们的生活变的多姿多彩。关于酒文化，中国和西方存在着差异。酿酒的原料和喝酒的习俗根据地理位置的不同而不同的。尽管存在着差异，相似处也是有的。中国和西方都有一些关于酒的起源的美丽传说；世界文化现象有着惊人的相似之处，酒已不仅仅是一种客观物质存在，而是一种文化象征，即酒神精神的象征；都导致了浪漫主义的诞生和主流信仰的发展。酒文化的发展离不开各国的交流。和其它国家的交流对酒文化的发展是有利的，也是比不可少的。有三种方法可以增加国际间的交流。众所周知，现在全球化是不可避免的趋势，国际间文化交流也会成为全球化。
关键词
酒文化；文化差异；饮酒习惯
Introduction
The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water but it ha s the character of fire. It will brighten the bright and fool the fool. People, such as the emperors, the heroes, the liberators, the ordinary people, the beggars and the like, all like it since it appeared. Undoubtedly, the wine can be said as a riddle. P eople no matter in China or in western countries all have the habit of drinking wine. They regard drinking wine as an indispensable part of life. The formation way of wine
culture is different in different countries. In China, the word for alcohol "jiu” is ud to refer to all types of alcoholic beverages. Since long time ago China had h ave the stories about Du Kang who invented the method of brewing wine. A legend in western countries about the origin of wine is also spread. The wine culture was gradually formed after the appearing of wine. The phra "the wine culture" is put forward by the renowned economist professor Li in China. In 1994, Xiao jiacheng s aid that the wine culture referred to the integration of material, technical, spiritual, custom, psychological, and behavior phenomenon which generated around the cente r. While we pride ourlves on the long history of wine culture we only to find that we depend excessively on the traditional wine culture .As a result we can not mak e any innovation.
There is no development and progress without innovation. In this ca, we can lear n from the western countries. There are varied types of wine with different raw ma terials, such as Gin, Whisky, Vodka, Rum, and Brandy. Even the cocktail which appe ared later is confected bad on some types of the wine. It is generally acknowledg ed that China is far away from the western countries. As a result, the way to drink is different. Even in China, there is also some difference between nationalities on t he way to drink. There is also some similarities of wine culture between China and western countries although the difference exists. For example, both China and weste rn countries ha
ve a beautiful legend about the origin of wine. The development of wine spirit accompanied with wine culture. While wine culture developed to a certai n degree, schools of ideology came into being. In order to push the development o f wine culture we should do our utmost to promote the international communication of the wine culture.
灰度值I．The Difference and Similarities of Wine Culture in China and in Western Countries
A. The Difference of Wine Culture
1. The Materials
China is one of the three ancient countries in the world and has thousands of y ears of history to brew wine. Today, China is also famous for its masterly technolog
y and distinctive style of wine and is more renowned for the long history and profo und culture. The world people gradually realized the great value of wine culture of China as the rapid development of Chine wine since the foundation of China. In China, the word for alcohol "jiu" is ud to mean all types of alcoholic beverages, f rom "pijiu"(beer) to liquors (just called "jiu") to grape wine ("putaojiu"). The origins of the alcoholic beverages from fermented grain in China can not be traced definit ely. Th
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e distilled drink was not popular until the 19th century. Traditionally, Chine distilled liquors are consumed together with food rather than drunk on their own. The wine can be generally classified into two types, namely, yellow liquors (huangji u) or clear (white) liquor (baijiu). The yellow liquor is fermented wine that is brewe d directly from grains such as rice or wheat. Such liquor contains less than 20% al cohol due to the inhibition of fermentation by ethanol at this concentration. This wi ne is traditionally pasteurized，aged, and filtered before their final bottling for sale t o consumers. Yellow liquor can also be distilled to produce white liquor or baijiu. W hite liquor (baijiu) are also commonly called shaojiu, which means "hot liquor" or "b urned liquor", either becau of the burning nsation in the mouth during consump tion and the fact that they are usually warmed before being consumed, or becau of the heating requirements for distillation liquors of this type typically contain mor e than 30% alcohol in volume since they have undergone distillation. There are a g reat many varieties of distilled liquors, both unflavored and flavored. There are a lar ge number 1.1. Feng Jiu-- this wine was dated back to Northern and Southern Dyn asties (5500 A.D.). It is the original Chine white wine made from sorghum. Alcoh ol content by volume: 63--65%.
1.2. Zhu Ye Qing Jiu-- this wine is Fen Jiu brewed with a dozen or more of lecte
d Chines
e herbal medicine. One o
f the ingredients is bamboo leaves which give the wine a greenish color and its name. Alcohol content by volume: 46%.
谢谢英文
1.3. Mao Tai Jiu-- this wine has a production history of over 200 years. It is name
d after its origin at Mao Tai town in Guizhou province. It is mad
literallye from wheat and sorghum with a unique distilling process that involves ven iterations o
f the brewin
buddhist
g cycle. This wine is famous to the western world when the Chine government rved this in state banquets entertaining the US presidents. Alcohol content by volum e: 54--55%.
1.4. Gao Liang Jiu-- Gao LIang is the Chine name for sorghum. Besides sorghum, the brewing process also u barley, wheat etc. The wine was or iginated from Da
Zhi Gu since the Ming Dynasty. Nowadays, Taiwan is a large producer of sorghum. Alcohol content b
y volume: 61--63%. Mei Gui Lu Jiu(ro esnce wine)--a variety o f sorghum with distilling from a special species of ro and crystal sugar. A lcohol co ntent by volume: 54--55%.
1.5. Wu Jia Pi Jiu-- a variety of guo liang jiu with a unique lection of Chine he rbal medicine added to the brewing. Alcohol content by volume: 54--55%.agaa
1.6. Da Gu Jiu-- originated from Sichuan province with 300 years of history. This wi ne is made of sorghum and wheat by fermenting in a unique process for a long pe riod in the cellar. Alcohol content by volume: 52%.
1.7. Yuk Bing Shiu Jiu-- a rice wine with over 100 years history. It is made of stea med rice and stored a long period after distillation. Alcohol content by volume: 3 0%.
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1.8. Shuang Jing(double distillation) and San Jing(triple distillation) Jiu--two varieties of rice wine by distilling twice and three times respectively. Alcohol content by vol ume: 32% and 38--39% respectively.
San Hua(three flowers) Jiu -- a rice wine made in Gui Lin with allegedly over a tho usand years history. It is famous for the fragrant herbal addition and the u of sp ring water from Mount Elephant in the region. Alcohol content by volume: 55--57%.
1.9. Fujian Glutinous Rice Wine-- made by adding a long list of expensive Chine herbal medicine to glutinous rice and a low alcohol rice wine distillation. The unique brewing technique us another wine as raw material. The wine has an orange re d color. Alcohol content by volume: 18%.
1.10. Hua Diao Jiu-- a type of yellow wine originates from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. It is made of glutinous rice and wheat. Alcohol content by volume: 16%.
This is the raw material of wine in China. In western countries, the types of wine a re varied so is the raw material
Qinjiu(Gin), the first action of a special purpo for the spirits. Sylvius Docter, make r of this wine, was a professor of medicine well known in the Netherlands to Dayto n University in the 17th century. He knew that the oil of Cadinene strawberry conta ined an element of diuretic which together with pure ethanol distillation to obtain c heaper diuretic drugs, and he succeeded finally. Not only medicine but it is a new species of wine.
Qinjiu Types: The unique and different formula of Qinjiu ud by the distillery. Qiniji u can be divided into 4 types according to brands, types, production. Netherlands Qinjiu(Holland) or (Dutch Gin), the taste is sweet accompanied with hot no matter it is pure to drink or to drink plus some ice. The two c英语翻译成中文
as are both v ery tasty. It is basically made from malt. The flavor came from strawberry. It adds ice and a piece of lemon which is the best alternative of dry Martini.
London Qinjiu(Tom Gin) or (London Gin): The sweet London Qinjiu is made with m alt and grain as raw materials and primary products.
Joph Bournemouth Qinjiu: It is similar to London Qinjiu although with different fla vor.
British Qinijiu: This wine is not sweet and has not the original savor. The difference British and the United States is an important factor. The British Qinjiu has lower al cohol after distillation but it retains more grain characteristics of loe alcohol distillati on. Secondly, the water, of cour, Britain and the United States are different. Whic h mutually affect the characteristics of the technique and distilled spirits.
Whisky
The Characteristics of Whiskey: Whiskey is made from the smashed fermentation an d distillation of grains and then placed into a barrel. Although any cereal can be us ed to brew whiskey, the most important materials are corn, hushed wheat, and barl ey.
The Origin of Whiskey: At prent, four major producing areas, namely, Scotland, Ir eland, Canada and the United States. Most of the areas have produced whiskey n amed its origin in addition to Bourbon whisky and the United States blending whisk y(Blended Scotch) and Light customers(Scotch whiskey)
of types of famous Chine liquors and wines familiar to us, such as: The Types W hiskey: Scotch whisky, Single malt whiskey, Ir ish whiskey, Tenne whiskey, Cana dian whiskey
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Brandy
Brandy's Character: Brandy is a mixture of fermentation and distillation of fruit juice and residue. Distilled alcohol content is less than 95% in order to retain its flavor and aromatic character.
thomas suarez"Cognac" Brandy: Cognac is a kind of Brandy wine distilled from wine in Cognac, Fr ench. It named by the French government law.
Lyme wine (Rum): Islands of west Indies is the home of Rum wine where is aboun d in sugarcane. Rum is the first three words of Rum bullion which means exciteme nt. Rum is distilled wine made from sugarcane as the raw material. It is different f
