独立成分
一个词或一个词组，如果在句子中和其他词或词组没有语法上的联系，则称为独立成分（Absolute，or Independent Expression）。独立成分可以是感叹语（Exclamations），呼语（Vocatives）或是插入语（Parenthetical Expressions）。
Ⅰ．感叹语
初中英语教学计划感叹语不仅可以是惊叹词，也可以是名词、形容词、动词、副词；不仅可以是单词，还可以是短语、不定式或从句。它表示突然产生的感情，后面跟有一个惊叹号（！）：
惊叹词：Oh！What is that？
O my dear John！
Aha！That is it．
Bah！I am not a pig to be treated so．
名词：A whale！Look there．
My pur！It is lost．
Idiot！He must be crazy．
hunband
Little silly！Who told you to do it？
Fire！Be quick！
Nonn！You are dreaming．
Silence！Father is sleeping．
Thief！Thief！
The way he talks（名词可由定语从句修饰）！You would think him a
professor．
The things they have done！Nobody could believe．
The fool I have been！She must have laughed at me．
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A pretty hou（that）you have bought！But it's rather dear．A very uful subject（that）you are learning！
成人高考 英语Dirty money they make！They should be nt to prison．biuret
形容词：Marvellous！This is the first time I've en it．Shocking！Who could have stood it？
What a job！
美国留学推荐信重要吗
Ridiculous！Fantastic！
动词：Look！Here is her letter．
Come，come！（Don't expect me to believe it．）
Help！He's drowned．Help！
Hear！Hear！
副词：Away！Let me e you no more．
Why？I can't understand you．
How fast！
Indeed！That is too much．
Quickly！It's dangerous．
代词：Ah me！
O dear me！
短语：Fie upon you（or your suggestion）！
A fig for Rex！he spoils everything．
Woe to him！
Down with tyranny（or colonialism）！
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O for a sight of her！
不定式：To think you could be so ungrateful！
O to be at home！
Oh，to treat his parents so！
合肥初中一对一从句：That you should turn against me！
That bread should be so dear！
If the rain could（only）stop！
Ⅱ．呼语
1772呼语是说话人对听话人（或拟人化的东西）的称呼：
Waiter，four cups of tea，plea．（在面前的人）
May I help you，madam？（已婚或单身女人）
Operator，what is the phone number of A－One Company？
Officer（＝policeman），where is Union Square？
Parson（=clergyman），is divorce sometimes necessary？Counllor（=lawyer），what will be our first step？
My dear son，you have always been in my mind．（不在身边的人）Lincoln！You should be living to this day．
Roll on，Ocean，roll on！（看得见的东西）
Twinkle，twinkle，little stars！
O death！Where is your victory！（看不见的东西）
O judgement！Thou art fled to brutish beasts．
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Freedom！How I miss you！
Ⅲ．插入语：句子修饰语
插入语表示整个句子是怎样说的或应怎样理解；可以看作是句子的修饰语。插入语可以是一个插入的陈述句、独立分词、独立不定式或独立副词（短语）。
A．插入陈述句
插入陈述句是一个简短的陈述句（只有主语和谓语），通常插在句子中间，偶尔也可放在句子末尾来加以强调或作为后加的意思。如果把它放在句子开头，整个句子就会成为一个名词从句，句子则变作陈述句中及物动词的宾语：
The boy，I think，has come from the country．
The boy has come from the country，I think．
I think（that）the boy has come from the country．
His manners，it is true，are awkward and silly．
His manners are awkward and silly，it is true．
It is true（that）his manners are awkward and silly．
更多的例句：
Tho people，he sometimes felt，were better than us．获得英语
This hou，I know，will be sold to a rich man．
His wife，I presume，was not listening．
What a strange man，I exclaim，is this fellow！
A very beautiful fairy，so the legend runs，has appeared here．
That gentleman，mark you，is the big boss of a big firm．
It was，as l need hardly say，the greatest bridge in this coun-try．（由as引起的陈述句是一种状语从句）
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smog
The shop around the corner，as is generally assumed，is a -cret gambling hou．（as引起的是一个关系从句）
The people of this country，let it be understood，are poorer now than before．
His knowledge of English，it must be acknowledged，is better than ours．
Let everybody，he ordered，speak out openly．
sorry
He is，I am afraid，still very childish．
They are mostly，remember，robbers and pickpockets．lock
Never，he thought，had they en such a thing．
It is a bore，you know．
Peptic ulcer，a study shows，usually comes from worries．
It is raining，I think．
What it is all about，I wonder．
Where was he，she asked．
He has done everything possible，it ems．
B．独立分词
一个作状语的分词，如果它的意义上的主语很模糊或泛指一般人，此主语就可以省略，这个分词就成为“独立分词”，在多数情况下它都用在句子开头，偶尔也可放在其他位置。分词的这种用法只限于下面这些分词（参阅1097—1098）：
Considering his age（大致相当于If we consider his age），he is clever．
Allowing for the rain，he will arrive at ten．
Speaking（or Talking）of the football match，our team was rather disappointing．
Regarding（or Respecting）such matters，it is hard to say anything．
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