Plot: Exposition raising action climax falling action resolution
Conflict: is a struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a story.
Conflict can be external or internal and it often takes one of the forms: a person against another person
A person against society
A person against nature
Two elements struggling for mastery within a person refrain>loveless
Exposition: is the beginning part of a story in which important background information is given.
Surpri ending: means an unexpected twist at the end of a story that is not predicted by the reader beforehand and it depends on an unexpected resolution of the main conflict.
英语b级
Point of view: refers to the standpoint from which a story is told, or the angle from which a fictional work is narrated, or the perspective from which a story is prented to the reader.
Third-person point of view:
(1)、third-person omniscient(all-knowing)
(2)、third-person limited
(3)、third person objective
Innocent narrator (naïve narrator) does not comprehend all the complexes and complications of the outer world or fails to understand all or some of implications of the story
Unreliable narrator is one who point of view is deceptive, lf-deceptive, deluded, or deranged
Character: dynamic, static
Flat, round
Characterization:
Through the character’s action
Through the character’s thoughts and speeches
Through a physical description of the character
李宇春全球最佳艺人Through the opinions others have about the character
Through a direct statement about the character, telling what the writer thinks of him or her
Protagonist hero
Antagonist antihero
Setting: refers to the time and the place in which the action of a story takes place.
Local color writing: when tting dominates, or when a piece of fiction is written largely to prent the manners and customs of a locality, the writing is often called local color writing or regionalism and the writer, a regional writer. And a regional writer usually ts his or her stories in one geographic area and tries to bring it alive to readers everywhere
Style:
disruptDiction: is a writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness and precision (用词)
Syntax: 句法
Theme: is the central or dominating idea of a literary work
Allegory is a kind of narrative in which the characters, objects, events and ttings reprent abstract ideas or moral qualities. It have literal meaning and symbolic meaning
Fable is a brief, succinct tale that is told to illustrate some maxim about human nature
will doSymbol:how to keep healthy generally speaking, a symbol is a sign which suggests more than its literal meaning.
Literary symbols are of two broad types:
Conventional symbol(传统象征)
Occasionally-coined symbol
Metaphor(隐喻) Analogy（比拟）
Irony always involves contrast or incongruity between the expected and the actual, between the apparent and the real
Three kinds of irony:
Verbal irony 托福多少分可以出国言语反讽
Tonal irony or dramatic irony 喜剧反讽
征引
Situational irony 情景反讽
Contrast: juxtaposition of dissimilar elements (color, tone, emotion, situation, character personality) in a work
Monologue:
英语四级总分多少
