从文化的内质论潍坊风筝的造型艺术特征
研究生姓名：刘洋 年级：2007级 导师姓名：帅民风 教授 专业：美术学 研究方向：图形艺术研究
中文摘要
风筝是用线牵引，借助风力放飞在空中的一种人工制造的民间工艺品。风筝历经了上千年的演变，由早期单一的军事用途发展成为人们的娱乐玩具以及竞赛项目，由单纯的放飞功能发展成为集实用欣赏于一体的民间工艺品，融科技与艺术为一体，体现了独特的地域性和民俗性。风筝以它悠久的历史文化、深厚的民族内涵、精湛的制作工艺、完美的艺术效果成为民间工艺中的一枝奇葩。潍坊风筝被认为是民间风筝的代表之一，其突出特点是纯厚质朴、清新活泼，具有浓厚的生活气息，在千年的传承中，形成了特有的民俗文化。潍坊风筝通过其独特的艺术造型和装饰图案来承载人们的愿望，寄托人们对美好生活的向往，反映人们善良健康的思想感情，具有深厚的民族传统和民俗色彩，在娱乐身心的同时，还能达到强身健体的目的。从我国传统风筝上到处可见吉祥寓意的造型图案和古语，都有祈吉呈祥、消灾避邪之意，寄托人们美好的愿望。潍坊风筝上的吉祥造型图案内容丰富，大体有“祈福”“纳财”“长寿”“喜庆”“驱邪”等类型。民间美术造型最初的形式是以一种习俗、信仰来在社会中确定自己的位置，随着生活水平的提高，这些物品的实用功能逐渐被娱乐功能所取代，任何一种民间艺术无不是在实用的前提下产生发展
的，实用性是其根本属性。“事实上，‘为艺术而艺术’的生活是绝然没有的，在大多数社会，艺术产生的目的不仅仅为了娱乐。”风筝也不例外。自从人们发明了风筝，风筝的形状和扎制，均以风力、风向为参考要素，对称的造型才能有助于飞翔式，风筝上被牵引的线绳掌握了飞翔的高度，功能具有决定造型的形式的作用，从而使造型和特点立足于科学的严谨中。从生活中提炼民间美术造型的写意符号是艺术家们常用的方式，艺术家在进行创作时，通过对自然形象适度的取舍，就是为的提炼造型特征，适应造型工艺的制作。通过对主体造型的概括与描述，最重要的是抓住那动人的特征，一件好的工艺品就是从造型的完整性和造型的单纯性这两个方面简化概括。风筝的特点也是由其造型来表现的，所以风筝的艺术形式是风筝创作过程中的核心部分。受当地杨家埠木板年画的影响，潍坊风筝具有色彩浓艳、对比强烈、构图饱满、线条粗犷的风格，富有浓郁的乡土气息。潍坊风筝的造型种类丰富，有长串式、桶式、板子、硬翅、软翅等。最具特色的要数龙头风筝了。潍坊风筝特别在造型结构和绘画色彩上，把制作木版年画的工艺移植到风筝上，把国画的传统技法运用到风
筝的绘制上，形成了造型优美、扎工精细、色彩艳丽的独特风格，成为中国风筝的一个重要流派。本文在现行研究的基础上，试图对潍坊风筝的传承演变历程、造型工艺特点的形成
原因、构图、色彩所蕴涵的文化讯息以及传统图案对中国当代设计所产生的影响等几个方面进行分析，着重探究民俗文化内质对潍坊风筝的造型工艺特点、艺术价值所产生的影响进行研究。本文在第一部分简述了历史上各个时期的风筝造型发展状况，从民俗生活的角度对潍坊风筝的造型进行阐述。
得出民俗生活影响着民间美术造型的产生和发展，在历史的长河中它们相互影响并生共存。文章的第二部分阐述了不同时期的各个风筝流派及代表人物和风筝造型的关系。第三部分重点对潍坊风筝的造型特征进行分析。第四部分论述了传统图案对现当代设计的影响。当然，以风筝为代表的民间美术作品在新的历史时期也必将展现其新的意义和生机，当然也有危机存在，如造型变异、失却纯朴等诸多问题。
关键词：潍坊风筝文化造型
Discuss the Weifang kite's plastic art characteristic from the cultural
Postgraduate：Liu Yang Grade：2007 Tutor：Professor Shuai Min Feng Major：Fine Arts Rearch direction：Graphic Arts Rearch
英语面试视频Abstract
The kite is with the line hauling，releas for flight with the aid of the wind power in the airborne one kind of artificial manufacture flight vehicle. The kite has had been through repeatedly over a thousand year evolution，develops into people's entertainment toy as well as the competition project by the early time sole military purpo，by pure releas for flight the function to develop into the col
lection practical appreciation in body's folk arts and crafts，melts the science and technology and art is a body，has manifested the unique localization and the folk custom. The kite by its glorious history culture，the deep national connotation，the exquisite production process，the perfect artistic effects becomes in the folk craft rare and beautiful flowers. The Weifang kite was considered that is one of folk kite's reprentatives，its prominent characteristic is good-hearted plain，fresh lively，has the strong life breath，in the year before last's inheritance，has formed the unique folk custom culture. The Weifang kite comes the load bearing people's desire through its unique ornamental mold and the decorative pattern，repos the people to happy life yearning，reflected that the people good health the thoughts and feelings，have the deep national tradition and the folk custom color，while entertainment body and mind，but can also rve the purpo which strongs and healthy body. From our country tradition kite everywhere obviously the propitious implication's modelling design and the archaism，have pray lucky are a good omen，the disappearing disaster to avoid evil influences meaning，repos the people happy desire. On the Weifang kite's propitious modelling design full of meat，has roughly “prays”“accepts the wealth”“the longevity”“the jubilation”“to exorci”and so on types. The folk fine arts modelling initial form is by one kind of custom，believes in the society determined that own position，along with living standard's enhancement，the goods' utility function are substituted for gradually by the entertainment functio
n，any kind of folk art is all has the development under the practical premi，the usability is its basic attribute. “in fact, `is an art，but art ' the life does not have completely，in the majority societies，，the goal which art produces not only for the entertainment.”The kite is not exceptional. Has invented the kite since the people，kite's shape and makes articles out of plaited bamboo，take the wind power，the wind direction as the reference esntial factor，the symmetrical modelling could be helpful to the soaring type，on the kite the cotton rope which towed is grasped the soaring altitude，the function had the decision modelling form function，thus caud the modelling and the characteristic bas rigorously on the science. Refines the folk fine arts modelling from the life the enjoyable mark is the artists commonly ud way，the artist when carries on the creation，through to the natural image moderate choices，is for refinement modelling characteristic，adaptation modelling craft manufacture. Through to the main body modelling's summary and the description，holds that
moving characteristic most importantly，a good handicraft is simplifies the summary from the modelling integrity and modelling retinitis simplex the two aspects. Kite's characteristic is also displays by its modelling，therefore kite's artistic form is in the kite creation process hard core. The local Yang Jiabu plank lunar new year's painting's influence，the Weifang kite has the color to be ric
h，the contrast is inten，the composition is full，line rough style，rich rich local breath. The Weifang kite's modelling type is rich，has long string –like，the barrel type，the board，the hard wing，the soft wing and so on. Most characterful factor main item kite. The Weifang kite specially in the modelling structure and the drawing color，transplants the manufacture graphic arts' craft to the kite on，utilizes in kite's plan the traditional Chine painting traditional technique，formed the modelling to be exquisite，the hired laborer was fine，the color gorgeous unique style，became a Chine kite's important school. This article in the prent rearch's foundation，attempts the cultural news which as well as the traditional design to the Weifang kite's inheritance evolution cour，the modelling craft characteristic's formation reason，the composition，the color contains the influence which produces to the Chine prent age design and so on veral aspects carries on the analysis，inquired into emphatically the folk custom culture endosarc the influence which to the Weifang kite's modelling craft characteristic，the artistic value produces conducts the rearch. This article in the first part has summarized in the history each time kite modelling development condition，carries on the elaboration from the folk custom life's angle to the Weifang kite's modelling. Obtains the folk custom life to affect the folk fine arts modelling production and the development, in historical perpetual flow their mutual influence parallel intergrowth coexistence. The article cond part elaborated the different time each kite school and the reprentative personage a
nd the kite modelling relations. The third part key carries on the analysis to the Weifang kite's modelling characteristic. The fourth part elaborated the traditional design to now the generation of design influence. Certainly，will also will certainly to unfold its new significance and the vitality take the kite as reprentative's folk fine arts work in the new historical period，certainly also has the crisis to exist，like the modelling variation，los actually and so on simple many questions.
carlottaKey words：Weifang Kite culture Shape
目录
引言 (1)
一、风筝的起源考辩 (3)
（一）从中国风筝起源来揭示风筝造型的表现形态 (3)自由女神像介绍
1、中国风筝的起源及发展 (3)
2、历代的风筝艺术 (4)
3、潍坊风筝存在及发展的条件 (6)
（二）从风筝的造型来揭示民俗文化形态 (8)
1、风筝造型与巫术、信仰的关系 (8)
celebration
2、风筝造型与口承语言民俗的关系 (9)never think
3、风筝与节日庆典的关系 (10)
4、风筝与人们生活方式的关系 (11)
二、潍坊风筝的逸风考究 (12)
（一）种类与流派 (12)beckman
1、风筝造型与地域性、类别的关系 (12)去除毛孔
2、风筝造型与风格流派的关系 (12)
（二）传承方式及风筝造型风格的表现 (14)
1、父子相袭传承方式的风筝造型表现 (14)
2、师徒相续传承方式的风筝造型表现 (14)
3、师徒相承、父子相袭的传承 (14)
三、潍坊风筝的造型考量 (16)
（一）风筝的造型艺术特征 (16)
1、风筝的静态造型美 (16)
2、风筝的动态、空间造型美 (20)
（二）风筝的构图与色彩表现 (21)
1、风筝布局形式的特点 (21)2021四六级考试
2、风筝的色彩表现 (23)
3、风筝用色的基本原则 (24)
4、风筝的绘画纹样与色彩借鉴 (25)
梦境美眉
四、潍坊风筝的致用考察 (27)
（一）民间造型元素在当今艺术设计中的应用 (27)
1、传统民间图形的再认识 (27)外研社小学英语
