Lesson Plan
At W ar with the Planet
Brainstorming
1.Disasters in Technosphere ['teknəusfiə]
Dust storm,
disafforestation [æ,fɔri'steiʃən]造林, disafforestation ['disə,fɔri'steiʃən]砍伐森林dert ['dezət] dertification dertification [,dezətifi'keiʃən] global warming, acid rain, melting glacier['glæsɪə; 'gleɪsɪə, storm, drought, flood, mudslide, heat waves,
red tides [美国英语]【动物学】红潮，赤潮(由于某种产毒双鞭甲藻的聚集而使海岸水面变红)[亦作red water]
earthquake, tsunami[tsuː'nɑːmɪ]海啸, pollutions (air pollution, water pollution, noi pollution, white pollution,Automobile Engine Emission)
2.Severe Enviromental Problems
Mammals are facing extinction
Freshwater fish淡水鱼are on the edge of extinction
Tree species are facing the danger of extinction
Primitive forests are riously damaged
People don‘t have Safe drinking water
百万瓦特3.About the Author
[美] 巴里·康芒纳（Barry Commoner）《封闭的循环》（THE CLOSING CIRCLE ）
——自然、人和技术（NA TURE,MAN ADN TECHNOLOGY）巴里·康芒纳——生物学家、生态学家和教育家，被《时代周刊》称为一个拥有千百万人的课堂的教授；是美国60-70年代在维护人类环境问题上最有见识、最有说服力的代言人。
康芒纳1917年出生于布鲁克林，1937年毕业于哥伦比亚大学，先后获得哈佛大学的生物学硕士和博士学位。自1947年起，在圣路易斯市的华盛顿大学任教，现已退休，著述甚丰，除《封闭的循环》外，还出版过《科学和生存》等书及数百科科学论文。康芒纳博士享有多种荣誉称号，是美国科学促进会协会指导委员会成员、科学家公共咨询研究会指导委员会主席和圣路易斯环境咨询委员会主席。
Barry Commoner (born May 28, 1917) is an American biologist, college professor, and eco-socialist. He ran for president of the United States in the 1980 US presidential election on the Citizens Party ticket.
Commoner was born in Brooklyn. He received his bachelor‘s degree in zoology [zuː'ɒlədʒɪ；动物学系from Columbia University (1937) and his master‘s and doctoral degrees from Harvard University (1938, 1941). After rving as a lieutenant lef'tenənt]海军上尉in the United States Navy during WWII, Commoner moved to St. Louis [,int'lu:is]and became a professor of plant physiology [,fɪzɪ'ɒlədʒɪ生理学；生理机能at Washington University, where he taught for 34 years. In 1966 he founded the Center
for the Biology of Natural Systems to study the science of the total environment. During the late 1950s, Commoner became a well-known protester against nuclear testing. He went on to write veral books about the negative ecological effects of above-ground nuclear testing地上核测试. In 1970 he received the International Humanist Award from the International Humanist and Ethical Union
His 1971 book, The Closing Circle, suggested a left-wing, eco-socialist respon to the limits to grow
th thesis, postulating that capitalist technologies were chiefly responsible for environmental degradation, as oppod to population pressures. In 1980, he founded the Citizens Party to rve as a vehicle for his ecological message, and his candidacy for President on the Citizens Party ticket won 233,052 votes (0.27% of the total).After his unsuccessful bid for President, Commoner returned to New Y ork City, and moved the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems to Queens College. He stepped down from that post in 2000, and is now a nior scientist at Queens. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of science and has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.
Commoner criticized Ronald Reagan and George Bush for regulating pollution and not preventing it.
Four Laws of Ecology
One of Commoner‘s lasting legacies is his four laws of ecology, as written in The Closing Circle in 1971. The four laws are:
1. Everything is Connected to Everything El. There is one ecosphere for all living organisms and what affects one, affects all. 1）每一种事物都与别的事物相关
2. Everything Must Go Somewhere. 一切事物都必然要有其去向
There is no "waste" in nature and there is no ―away‖ to which things can be thrown.）
3. Nature Knows Best. 自然界所懂得的是最好的
Humankind has fashioned technology to improve upon nature, but such change in a natural system is, says Commoner, ―likely to be detrimental to that system.‖
loving you原唱4.There Is No Such Thing as a Free Lunch. 没有免费的午餐
Everything comes from something. There's no such thing as spontaneous existence.
His Writings
Science and Survival. New Y ork : Viking, 1966.
The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology. New Y ork : Knopf, 1971.
The Poverty of Power: Energy and the Economic Crisis. New Y ork : Random Hou, 1976.
The Politics of Energy. New Y ork : Knopf, 1979.
成长的烦恼第二季
Making Peace with the Planet . New Y ork : Pantheon, 1990.
Earth keeper Hero:
特朗普演讲视频BARRY COMMONER
teenslovemoneyIn the 1960s, he became involved in other environmental issues; the included pollution and energy sources. He gave speeches and wrote numerous books: Science and Survival (1967), The Closing Circle (1971), Energy and Human Welfare (1975), The Poverty of Power (1976), The Politics of Energy (1979), and Making Peace with
张成熙the Planet (1990). Among his views, Commoner believes that industrial methods, especially tho involving fossil fuels, are causing environmental pollution. He feels strongly that the quest for maximum profit currently takes priority over environmental reasoning. Commoner also believes that it is pointless to try to undo the environmental damage we have caud; this is a losing battle. We should instead focus on preventing future destruction; for the most part, the solution to environmental problems lies in not destroying the environment in the first place.
Commoner‘s solutions for many problems are considered radical. He is a strong advocate of renewable energy sources, specifically solar energy, which would decentralize(分散) electric utilities and u sunlight as an alternative power source for most energy consumers. To make the transition
from one to the other, Commoner suggests that we u moderates such as methane'miːθeɪn;(沼气) and make the switch a little at a time.
Commoner also has strong views on social caus of the prent environmental situation. He argues, for example, that eliminating Third World debt payments would lesn the economic gap between developed and less developed countries and end the desperation despə'reiʃən]that usually results in desperation that usually results in overpopulation. This debt forgiveness could also compensate for previous decades of damage inflicted on such countries. Commoner also calls for redistribution of the world's wealth.
Commoner combined his socialist and environmental beliefs in a brief Citizen's Party presidential campaign in 1980. For the past nearly twenty years, he has directed the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems at Queens College in New Y ork City.
Barry Commoner was a hero in many eyes. He was an environmentalist who alerted the world about some of earth‘s problems. He was also called an Environmental Activist.Barry Commoner was born in 1917, in Brooklyn, NY were he was interested science and plants. Later he went to Columbia College, where he studied ecology, then went to Harvard for graduate school. Now he is 88 years old and s till considered the ―Paul Revere of Ecology.‖
Barry Commoner did many things in his life for one he realized the problems caud by nuclear activities and its influences on the environment and humans. He found that radio activity ―builds up‖ in people u ntil they get sick and usually die. His helpful rearch was rewarded by the nuclear test-band treaty.
Barry Commoner wrote many books about the environment his latest called ―Making Peace with the Planet‖ is about the problems caud by people and how to help the earth. Many years after Mr. Commoner did all of his rearch on the planet he realized something horrible, unless people did not help make the world a better place it would be unsuitable for human life in veral years. His statement changed p eople‘s ways and many people took action that is why we are still all alive. Although not all of our problems have been solved yet we need to keep working to stay alive on our home planet.
Guide to reading
1.abridge 1. V to reduce the length of (a written work) by condensing or rewriting (删节)书面作品abridged 删节的；削减的
2.watershed CET6+ TEM4(watersheds)
If something such as an event is a watershed in the history or development of something, it is very important becau it reprents the beginning of a new stage in it. 分水岭; 转折点
3. profit margin(profit margins)
新东方 koolearnA profit margin is the difference between the lling price of a product and the cost of producing and marketing it. 利润空间[商业]
例：The group had a net profit margin of 30% last year.
该集团去年的净利润空间为30%。
例：A great deal has been done internally to remedy the situation.
citibank内部已经采取了很多措施来挽救局面。
instigate TEM8(instigating, instigated, instigates)
1. V-TSomeone who instigates an event caus it to happen. 发起吸血鬼日记第二季21
例：He did not instigate the coup or even know of it beforehand.
他没有发起政变，甚至事先都不知道。
General Structure:
Part I (Para.1)
This is the introductory intrə'dʌktəri] 介绍的，引导的，开始的part in which the author rais the theme that people live in two worlds. Like in lesson one, the author comes to the point right way.
Part II (Paras.2-5)
In this part, the author explains why the two worlds are at war.
Part III (Paras.6-9)
The first law of the ecosphere and the law governing the relationship between man-made objects and the surroundings
Part IV (Paras.10-11)
the clod cyclical 'saiklikəl] 周期的，循环的process of ecosphere and the linear process of technosphere.
technosphere ['teknəusfiə]
ecosphere ['i:kəusfiə] 生物圈，生态界，生态层[亦作physiological atmosphere]
Part V (Paras.12-14)
the consistent and harmonious nature of the ecosphere as contrasted to the rapid change and variation of the technosphere
Part VI. (Paras.15-16)手机词典
comparison between the conquences of failure or the ecosphere and that of the technosphere.
