Adhesives,2.Applications
H ERMANN O NUSSEIT,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
R AINER W EFRINGHAUS,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
alianG UNTHER D REEZEN,Henkel Electronic Materials,Belgium N.V.
B RENDAN K NEAFSEY,Loctite(R&D)Limited,Ireland
J€u RGEN W ICHELHAUS,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
T HOMAS B ACHON,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
K EVIN B ECKER,Henkel Corporation,USA
C HUNFU C HEN,Henkel,Japan
D IETER D AUSMANN,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
T ATIANA G ILLITZER,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
R ALF G OSSEN,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
S HASHI G UPTA,Henkel Corporation,USA
M ATTHEW H OLLOW AY,Henkel Corporation,USA
K AZUTOSHI I IDA,Henkel,Japan延续性
A NTHONY F.J ACOBINE,Henkel Corporation,USA
S IEGFRIED K OPANNIA,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
O LAF L AMMERSCHOP,Henkel Corporation,USA
D ANIEL L U,Henkel Corporation,USA
B ERND M AYER,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
C LAUDIA M ECKEL-J ONAS,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany S TEFAN P ICKER,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
M ANFRED P RO€BSTER,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
M ICHEL R UYTERS,Henkel Electronic Materials,Belgium N.V.
H ANS-P ETER S ATTLER,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
B ERNHARD S CHO€TTMER,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
U DO W INDHO€VEL,Henkel AG&Co.KGaA,Germany
1.Paper and Packaging Industry (3)
1.1.Graphic Products (3)
1.1.1.Bookbinding (3)
1.1.1.1.Perfect Binding(Unwn Binding)of
Books (3)
1.1.1.2.Book Manufacture (5)
1.1.2.Fold Gluing (6)
summer snow
1.2.Adhesives for Packaging and Packaging
Materials (6)
1.2.1.Manufacture of Corrugated Board (6)
1.2.2.Lamination of Paper 71.2.3.Folder Gluer. (7)
1.2.4.Folding Cartons (7)
1.2.5.Flexible Packages (7)
1.2.6.Bags,Sacks,and Pouches (9)
1.2.7.Adhesive Coating of Paper and Board9 1.2.8.Adhesives for Automatic Packaging
Machines (10)
1.2.9.Reclosure Systems for Liquid Packaging
Boards (10)
1.2.10.Membrane Bonding (11)
1.2.11.Pallet Securing (11)
Ó2009Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA,Weinheim 10.1002/14356007.n01_n01
1.3.Envelopes and Advertising Mail (11)
1.4.Cigarette Manufacture (12)
1.5.Labeling (12)
1.6.Nonwovens Hygiene Industry (14)
1.7.Hygienic Tissue Papers (15)
2.Gluing of Wood and Wooden Materials17
3.Footwear Adhesives (19)
4.Bonding of Plastics (21)
5.Bonding of Elastomers (23)
5.1.Postvulcanization Bonding
of Rubber (23)
5.2.Vulcanization Bonding of Rubber..24
6.Bonding of Metals (25)
7.Adhesives for Wallcoverings (26)
8.Flooring Adhesives (27)
9.Building Construction Adhesives (28)
10.Adhesives for Bonding Textile
Fabrics (29)
11.Flocking Adhesives (30)
12.Adhesives for Bonding Glass (31)
13.Adhesives in Automobile
日语自学Manufacture (31)
14.Adhesives in Aircraft Construction.34
15.Adhesives and Sealants in
Electronics (36)
15.1.Introduction (36)
15.2.Conductive Adhesives (36)
15.3.Coating and Protection Products..37 15.4.Surface Mounting Adhesives (39)
15.5.Adhesives for Flat-Panel Display
Manufacture (39)
16.Medical Adhesives (40)
17.Houhold Adhesives and Do-It-
4117.1.Houhold Adhesives.. (41)
17.1.1.Adhesive Rollers(Paper Adhesives in
Castte Form) (42)
17.2.Do-It-Yourlf Products (43)
18.Applications of Anaerobic Adhesives45 18.1.Introduction (45)
18.2.Main Applications Types (45)
18.2.1.Threadlockers (45)
初二下册英语知识点18.2.2.Threadalants (46)
18.2.3.Chemical Gaskets (46)
nash equilibrium
18.2.4.Retaining Compounds (46)
18.2.5.Porous-Metal Sealing(PMS) (46)
18.3.Limitations for Anaerobic Adhesive
Applications (47)
18.4.Formulation Ingredients and
Chemistry (47)
18.4.1.Methacrylate Esters (47)
18.4.2.Curatives (48)
18.4.3.Initiation or Polymerization
Accelerators–Promoters (48)
18.4.4.Rheological Additives (48)
18.4.5.Performance Additives (49)
19.Adhesives in Transportation
Industry (49)
19.1.Introduction (49)
19.2.Sandwich Elements (49)
19.3.Commercial Vehicles/Bus (50)
19.4.Recreational Vehicles (50)
19.5.Railway (50)
19.6.Shipbuilding (51)
19.7.Refrigerated Containers (51)
19.8.Future Trends (51)
20.Adhesives in Low-Pressure Molding
for Electronic Components (51)
List of Abbreviations
ABS:acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
polymer
AFRP:aramid fiber reinforced plastic APAO:amorphous poly(a-olefin) ASA:acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylic
ester polymer
CA:cyanoacrylate
CAA:chromic acid anodizing CFRP:carbon fiber reinforced plastic CSA:chromic sulfuric acid
CTBN:carbon terminated butyl nitrile CTE:coefficient of thermal expansion DIY:do-it-yourlf EMI/RFI:electromagnetic/radio frequency
译林英语四年级上册
interference
EPS:expandable polysterene
EV A:ethylene vinyl acetate
FRP:fiber reinforced plastic GFRP:glass fiber reinforced plastic ICA:isotropically electrically
conductive
LCD:liquid-crystal display
MCM:multichip module
MDF:medium-density fiberboard MF:melamine–formaldehyde ODF:one-drop filling
OLED:organic light emitting diode PCB:printed circuit board
2Adhesives,2.Applications
1.Paper and Packaging Industry
In the packaging ctor,besides paper,a wide range of other materials is ud to confer predefined characteristics to the packaging material[1].Adhesives make it possible to implement the requirements and to meet the demands resulting from the processing of the materials.This increasingly applies to the print-finishing ctor.Indeed,new printing stocks and print methods as well as the ever-increasing production speeds resulted in the development of new adhesives that are the sine qua non for the offer of a wide variety of graphic products.
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1.1.Graphic Products
There is a wide variety of graphic paper products available.To meet the needs of the different applications,a great number of optimized ad-hesives adapted to the desired us have been developed in the past decades[2]1.1.1.Bookbinding
Bookbinding with adhesives has played an important role since the beginning of the pro-duction of graphical products[3].Originally, vegetable and animal raw materials were the main ingredients of adhesives,but a steady development of the adhesives took place to fulfill manufacturing requirements.Today,a range of adhesives,tailor-made for particular applications,is available.The applications include perfect binding,ca making,casing in,back-lining and gluing-off of thread-stitche
d book blocks,as well as side-gluing and end-sheet tipping.The most important field is per-fect binding.
1.1.1.1.Perfect Binding(Unwn Binding) of Books
It is impossible to imagine the production of books,brochures and catalogues without perfect binding.New paper qualities such as high-weight coated papers,lightweight coated papers and recycling papers,high-quality pa-pers such as matt-varnished papers and the increa of the production speed up to300 books per minute require new bookbinding adhesives.Coated papers can have more than 50%coat and therefore are difficult to bond.In general,the fiber structure of recycled papers is deteriorated by the recycling process,and the papers must be sized strongly,for instance,to withstand the pulling strain in offt printing, which caus a reduction of absorbency.There-fore,a longer tting time is needed for aqueous adhesives.Strong sizing can also lead to a change of the surface properties,which may cau adhesion problems.Occasional adhesion problems occur becau of the often lavish designs of the graphic products.Varnishing, laminating,embossing,and other refinements have the result that the adhesives cannot reach the paper fibers,which are otherwi easy to glue.
Four adhesive types are ud for perfect binding[4]:
*Glutin glues(animal glues)
*Dispersion adhesives
*Hot-melt adhesives
*Reactive polyurethane hot-melt adhesives
PEC:poly(carboxylic ether)
PET:poly(ethylene terephthalate)
PMS:porous-metal aling
PS:polystyrene
PSA:pressure-nsitive adhesive
PTFE:polytetrafluoroethylene
PU:polyurethane
PUR:reactive polyurethane
PVC:poly(vinyl chloride)
x box
PVC-C:chlorinated PVC
PVC-P:plasticized PVC
PVC-U:rigid PVC
RF:resorcinol–formaldehyde
RTU:ready-to-u
SBR:styrene–butadiene rubber
SBS:styrene–butadiene-styrene
SEBS:sterene–ethylene–butadiene–
styrene
SIS:styrene–isoprene–styrene
SMA:surface mounting adhesive
UF:urea–formaldehyde
VOC:volatile organic compound
春节英语手抄报内容
XPS:extruded polystyrene
Adhesives,2.Applications3
Glutin(animal)glue was employed in former times,but it is not important any more.Glutin glues are ud in form of jellies which are procesd at50–70 C.Due to a sol–gel transi-tion,very fast tting is achieved and a high production speed is reached.However,the adhesion spectrum of glutin glues is normally not very wide.
In contrast,many synthetic polymers posss excellent adhesion characteristics.Dispersion adhesives ud for unwn binding are com-monly bad on plasticized polyvinyl homo-polymers[5].They are ud,for example,when excellent lay-flat behavior is required,or when the risk
of printing inks influencing the bond is very high.They are usually applied via rollers. Dispersion adhesives t by absorption or evap-oration of water.As this process requires a certain time period,the capacity of machines working with dispersion adhesives is limited. One possibility to speed up this process is to rely upon high-frequency drying,which is a costly way although the book block can be further procesd after cooling for4–5min.
Hot-melt adhesives are especially uful when high production speeds are required.On rapid cooling,they t fast and achieve the necessary strength quickly.Hot-melt adhesives bad on ethylene–vinyl acetate(EV A)copoly-mers are most commonly ud in the graphic industry,although occasionally other thermo-plastic polymers are ud.Hot melts are gener-ally procesd via roller application.In recent years,low-temperature hot-melt procesd at temperatures ranging between120 C and 140 C have become more and more adhesives popular in the graphic industry in the last 10years.
The development of reactive polyurethane (PUR)hot-melt adhesives for unwn binding in the1980s was an important innovation for the graphic industry and enabled the print finishers to u unwn binding techniques for products that hitherto had been“impossible to bond”[6,7].Reactive polyurethane hot-melt adhe-sives are first choice whenever it comes to bonding papers that are diffic
ult to bond,when-ever products are expod to high temperatures (e.g.,a road atlas on the hat rack of a car),and whenever high page pull and page flex values are required becau of special stress.Reactive PUR hot-melt adhesives are tailor-made poly-urethane prepolymers with reactive end groups. The high adhesive capacity of the prepolymers provides for excellent adhesion to the paper edge.Reactive PUR hot-melt adhesives are applied at120–130 C by roller or nozzle sys-tems.It is esntial to adjust the machinery to the requirements of reactive polyurethane hot melts to make bookbinding with polyurethanes hot-melt adhesives successful.For example, coated glue rervoirs are needed for the sticky adhesives to be easily removed at cleaning. Another key factor is optimized temperature control becau reactive adhesive systems are clearly more demanding with regard to thermal stress.Following application,after cooling (physical tting),the end groups are subject to a chemical reaction under the effect of air humidity and/or paper moisture,which results in high-molecular compounds which are practi-cally unmeltable.Following chemical reaction, polyurethane films are highly cohesive provid-ing for outstanding durability of the adhesive films making them immune to the migration of mineral oils from the printing inks,and giving them a sound resistance to ageing.
The reactive PUR hot-melts combine the advantages of ,good adhesion, high aging resistance)and of hot-melt adhesives (e.g.,high production speeds)in a single system.
At prent,the u of reactive PUR hot-melt adhesives is common standard in bookbindery, providing for high machine speeds of more than 10000books per hour.Reactive PUR hot melts suitable for the inline manufacturing of rounded unwn-bound products have been developed in recent years,too.Until then,problems occurred with the relatively low-molecular prepolymers. Indeed,immediately following application, their cohesive strength was not high enough to withstand the rounding process.This demand now can be met with so-called“dual cure sys-tems”,i.e.,reactive polyurethane hot-melt ad-hesives curing not only under the effect of moisture,but also under irradiation with UV light[8].Within conds following application, cross-linking under UV light induces a suffi-cient strength to start the rounding process and to yield high-quality results.The adhesive film is further stabilized by the subquent reaction of the isocyanate groups with moisture.
Multilayer Binding.Another method of optimizing adhesion and cohesion is to u two
4Adhesives,2.Applications
or rarely three different adhesives,one immedi-ately after the other(multilayer binding)[9,10].
A popular technique is the so-called“two-shot system”using two adhesives.The application of two different dispersions for primer and topcoat has a long tradition.They are frequently derived from the
same formulation,their viscosities being adapted to the demands of a primer and a topcoat,respectively.The systems can be procesd with or without intermediate drying. Two-shot systems that combine dispersions with hot melts benefit from the advantages of both.A relatively low-viscosity dispersion ad-hesive is usually ud as primer,providing excellent bond strength to the paper edge.After drying,a hot melt is applied as topcoat that has been designed to adhere particularly well on the dispersion film.The hot-melt adhesives give stability to the back and provide for the pick-up of the cover.Another option is the combina-tion of dispersions,applied as primers,with reactive PUR hot-melt adhesives,applied as topcoats.The systems are procesd with intermediate drying via rollers,as in conven-tional processing,and via nozzles in the ca of polyurethane hot-melt adhesives,applying the adhesive,for example,to the cover.
Side Gluing.In perfect binding,adhesives are needed not only for the bonding of the back, but also for the gluing of the side of the cover to fix it on the first page(side glues).To this end, either dispersion adhesives or hot-melt adhe-sives can be employed.The dispersion adhe-sives ud for side gluing are commonly bad on plasticized poly(vinyl acetate)homopoly-mers or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers. Hot-melt adhesives are especially suitable for heavy covers and are bad on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers or synthetic thermoplastic rubbers mixed with resins and oils.The
adhe-sives are applied via rollers or nozzles to the book block.The products have a very high ,high initial adhesion ensuring a safe pick-up and bonding of heavy covers.As graph-ical products are more and more sophistically designed,conventional adhesive systems in-creasingly cau problems in side gluing and pasting of endpapers becau of weak bonding, oil migration,etc.Reactive PUR hot melts are better suited here and provide safer results. Contacting or noncontacting application to the book block or cover is possible via slot die or round nozzle.
Gluing-Off of Thread-Sticked Book Blocks.Backgluing is ud to stabilize the book blocks.For the backgluing of thread-wn book blocks,similar adhesive sys-tems are ud as for unwn binding.Softcover books are directly glued into the cover by means of the backgluing adhesive.In the manufacture of book blocks,the backs are then provided with guard or mull strips.
1.1.1.
2.Book Manufacture
A wide variety of adhesives are ud for the manufacture of books.Book blocks are provid-ed with endpapers and super cloth(guard or mull strips)bonded to the back of the book block with a10–20-mm flap on both sides,extending over and covering the endpapers.They help stiffening the joints of t
he endpapers that in-crea the form stability of unwn-bound, thread-aled,and thread-wn book blocks. After gluing,for the production of the book, the blocks are trimmed on three sides.Before casing in the book blocks,they can be rounded and provided with an edge coloring and addi-tional parts(ribbon,head and tail band,inlay, and hollow).
Ca Making.In ca making,when the covering material consists of textiles,plastics film,or paper,as in the backlining of books,hot animal glues are ud becau they t rapidly by gelatinization and rapidly bond the narrow overlap of the coating material around the board,even under the brief contact pressure normally applied in the machine[11].High-speed ca manufacturing machines produce up to100cas per minute.Glutin glues are very popular in the traditional bookbinding ctor, becau they do not affect the paper,can be removed without leaving any residues in the ca of a rebinding in book restoration,and can easily be removed from the machinery and tools.In special cas,also dispersion-bad adhesives are ud.
Casing In.In softcover production,the books are directly cad in in the unwn bind-ing machine.In hardcover production,however, a special machine provides for this task.First,
Adhesives,2.Applications5
