摘要
随着全球化的发展，国际交流日益频繁。它促进了沟通和发展，同时也来了一些问题甚至是冲突。这就要求我们对不同文化的异同进行分析和研究，发现并且解决问题，以实现不同文化之间交流的顺利进展。禁忌语，作为语言和文化的重要组成部分，是普遍存在于人类社会的语言现象。然而，在不同的文化中，人们所禁忌事物乃至对于同一事物的禁忌程度都有所不同。因此，如果缺乏对目标文化的禁忌语的了解和掌握，就容易导致交际的失败甚至会带来更加严重的后果。
对于禁忌语，国外研究取得了大量的成果。由于封疆思想根深蒂固，国内对禁忌语的研究起步较晚。到20世纪80年代，我国语言学者对禁忌语的研究兴趣浓厚。但是，我国对禁忌语的研究还不够完善。比如，我国将禁忌语与语境理论相结合起来的研究成果非常少见。在英汉禁忌语对比研究方面，我国语言学者对英汉禁忌语的相似性或区别进行的定性研究居多，而定量研究很少，出现了陈旧语料反复使用现象的出现。其中定量研究只涉及到问卷调查。因此，本研究将以此为出发点，从中美情景喜剧这一极具文化特色的语料中进行中美禁忌语的跨文化对比研究，试图对汉语中的禁忌语以及英语中的禁忌语分别做以介绍并进行基于不同文化的对比研究。裨补
研究发现，英汉禁忌语在三大方面即凶祸性语言、亵渎性语言以及宗教迷信语言方面有所异同。具体说来包括与性相关、与身体部位相关、与动物相关、与排泄相关等方面的禁忌语言。英汉情景喜剧中的禁
忌语在各方面均有共性，但也有所不同。对于两者之间的差异性，我们在跨文化交际中更应多家注意：汉语中关于性的禁忌要胜于英语禁忌语；英语中的宗教禁忌在汉语中则更多的体现为封建迷信的禁忌; 汉语中有严格的姓名和称谓禁忌，等等。
人们对于禁忌语通常采取“回避”态度，以避免冒犯他人。但是，事实上，禁忌语普遍存在于不同文化的日常生活中，很多时候是无法避免的，因此，本文基于对禁忌语语用功能的研究，还将提出人们对于禁忌语英语的态度和一些有效的回避策略。希望本文对跨文化交际的顺利进展和外语教学都有帮助。并使读着在不同文化之间交际中能够求同存异，有效顺利沟通。
关键词：禁忌语；情景喜剧; 对比；态度；回避策略
Abstract
With the development of globalization, international communication has been intensified. It contributes a lot to mutual development. However, a ries of problems and even conflict are caud. Therefore, people should pay more attention and do more rearches on different cultures. In this way can we lesn or avoid the misunderstandings and communicate in a more effective way. Linguistic taboo, as a most important part of a language in the culture, is a language phenomenon that exists widely in the human society in all cultures. Yet, people are prohibited on different things a
s taboos in different cultures, and different even on the same thing, there would be on the different level of taboo. Therefore, the ignorance of linguistic taboos in the target culture may lead to intercultural communicative failure and even cau more rious conquences.
With regard to the study of linguistic taboos, a sheer amount of contributions were made in the world. In China, this topic is more strictly forbidden duo to the deep influence of feudalist ideology. Studies in this area may be later and fewer that tho in the west. From the 1980s, linguistic rearchers became greatly interested in this field. However, there are still some areas we haven‟t made deep rearches. E.g. there are still ldom studies on taboos and c ontext. Besides, the comparative taboo studies between different cultures mainly adopt qualitative analysis. Quantitative studies on taboo are still rare, with the only method of “questionnaire”. Therefore, this study will start form this point, to make an intercultural communicative study between Chine and American taboos. My study is a quantitative rearch with the data collected from six Chine and American sitcoms. Bad on data analysis as well as previous studies, my thesis aims at summarizing and analyzing the Chine and English linguistic taboos respectively and most importantly the similarities and differences of Chine and English linguistic taboos.
According to the study, I mainly divide the linguistic taboos into three categories: taboos on vulgaritie
s, on ominous matters and taboos on decration. The differences between Chine and American linguistic taboos should be paid more attention in cross-cultural communication: firstly, taboos on x and xual organs are almost completely prohibited; the taboos on decrations differ in English and Chine; taboos on naming and addressing are stricter in Chine, and so on. In daily communication, people tend to avoid using linguistic taboos; however, taboo words sometimes cannot be avoided. Thus, an appropriate attitude towards linguistic taboos and some uful strategies are given on my paper, bad on the analysis of the pragmatic functions of linguistic taboos. This study is expected to offer some help for intercultural communication as
well as teaching. What‟s more, it will help communicate more fluently and effectively. Key words: linguistic taboos; sitcoms; comparison; attitude; strategies
growupList of Tables
Table 1 Frequency Distribution of Linguistic Taboos in Chine Sitcoms (16)
Table 2 Frequency Distribution of Linguistic Taboos in American Sitcoms (21)
Table 3 Statistics of Taboo Words in Daily Greetings (28)
Contents
pumpkin pie摘要 0
Abstract .................................................................................................................................... i i List of Tables . (iv)
职称英语考试成绩
Contents (v)
Chapter One Introduction (1)
1.1 General Introduction of the Study (1)
1.2 Need and Significance of the Study (2)
1.3 The Purpo and Framework of the Thesis (3)
chooChapter Two Literature Review (4)
2.1 Previous Studies (4)
2.2 Theoretical Framework (5)
2.2.1 Cooperative Principle (CP) (5)苏州出国留学
2.2.2 Politeness Principle (PP) (7)
2.2.3 The Face Theory (8)
2.2.4 Indirect Speech Act Theory (8)
2.3 Summary (9)
Chapter Three Linguistic Taboos and Rearch Procedure (10)
3.1 Language, Culture and Linguistic Taboo (10)months
3.1.1 Language and Culture (10)
3.1.2 Taboo and Linguistic Taboos (10)
3.1.3 The Relationship between Linguistic Taboos, Language and Culture (11)
packageinstaller
3.2 Characteristics of Linguistic Taboos (11)
3.2.1 Universality (11)
3.2.2 Peculiarity (12)
3.2.3 Changeability (13)
3.3 Purpo of the Study (13)
3.4 Rearch (14)
3.4.1 Materials and Data Type (14)
3.4.2 Rearch Procedures (14)
Chapter Four Rearch Findings (16)
conversion作品小样的英文4.1 Linguistic Taboos in Chine Sitcoms (16)
