calendar是什么意思
英汉翻译技巧练习I（student）.
英汉翻译技巧练习I
Part I An Overall Introduction of Translation Skills
I 英汉两种语言对比
1．所属语系与发展历史
英语－印欧语系汉语－汉藏语系
2．语音
3．语言的本质
英语－综合性语言汉语－分析性语言
4．句法现象
II 英汉两种文化差异
1．同一民族中亦存在文化差异：
pay蛤蟆naughty 叩手点心
2．英汉文化间的差异
a.思想观念、心理特征
龙—dragon 鹤—crane
b.表达方式、审美情趣
“愤怒出诗人”—“止怒莫若诗”
“十里蛙声不断，九溪曲流潺潺”—“You can hear frog’s continuous crying in ten miles and can enjoy the babbling of the winding streams.”3．对文化词语和表达的处理
文化词语，指的是充满汉语文化个性和特殊内涵的语言。
a.直译法
丢脸—to lo face/ to be disgraced
纸老虎—paper tiger/ scarecrow
骑虎难下—to ride a tiger/ in chancery
猫哭老鼠—cats crying for the death of rats/ to shed crocodile tears
b.直译加补充信息法
下海铁饭碗跳槽父母官待业青年酒囊饭袋清明节
c.释义法
望子成龙和番金三角
两手抓，两手都要硬
d.同（近）义表达借用法
得寸进尺—Give him an inch, and he’ll take an ell.
好聚好散—Merry meet, merry part.
贪多嚼不烂—to bite off more than one can chew
皇天不负有心人—Heaven helps tho who help themlves.
水中捞月—to fish in the air
象只落汤鸡—like a drowned rat
e.回译法
忍者神龟—Ninja Turtles
画王电视—big screen Panasonic
米字旗—Union Jack flag
高考英语答题技巧
中国菜馆—chopsuey hou
III 常见错误及解决方法
1.不要生搬硬套汉语构词模式
车、毛、鱼、核、皮、桌
2.Fal friends （假朋友）
休息室—restroom
药店—drugstore
白手—white-handed
食言—eat one’s words
茶叶店—tea-shop
蛇皮袋—snake skin bag
3.隐含意义的分析
倔强：intractable, mulish statesman, politician
他们热情照顾残疾客人。They took good care of disabled guests.
我这位朋友很健谈。My friend is very talkative.
VI 解释性翻译
镶补，减肥，重组
Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays—《天演论》
Honeymoon—蜜月者，西人娶妇时，即挟其游历，经月而返。《黑奴吁天录》Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Cashmere—御长裙，仙仙然描画不能肖。《茶花女》
V 参考字典
1．《英汉大词典》陆谷孙主编上海译文出版社
2．《汉英大辞典》吴光华主编上海交通大学出版社
Part II Translation Practice
一、准确理解词义：
I 根据上下文辩明词义：
Work:
1. He is working in the factory.
2. He is working a machine.
visa是什么3. He is working at English.
employee是什么意思
4. The ship is working eastward.
5. The gears work smoothly.
单挑英文6. My watch doesn’t work.
7. The screw worked loo.
8. Will the methods work?
9. The yeast has begun to work.
10. Electric computers work quickly and accurately.
Hand:
1. S oams shook her hand and went downstairs.
2. H e never read a book in his life and still writes a schoolboy hand.
3. I t would be like trying to make the hands of clock move backwards to its ticking.
4. M r. Hunter suddenly failed, and all hands in the mill were turned off. Like:
1. He likes maths more than physics.
2. In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of
dust shining like gold.
3. Like knows like.
4. Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.
Last:
1. He is the last man to come.
2. He is the last man to do it.
3. He is the last person for such a job.
airy4. He should be the last (man) to blame.
5. He is the last man to consult.
6. This is the last place where I expected to meet you.
Operate:
1. The hearing aids are operated from batteries.
2. The doctor operated on the patient for a tumor.
3. The frontier forces had to operate against the invaders.
1. With old plaster-casting, the bone takes longer to knit and crippling
effects from muscle inactivity result.
2. The custom had its spring in another country.
3. His mother died of difficult labour.
4. The Americans had viewed foreign policy as if it were a western
movie in which the cavalry appeared at the climacteric moment to u superior firepower on opponents who were usually of anther race.
5. The elevator girl reads books between pasngers.desir
6. Don’t do your own thing, or you will meet with failure.
II. 词义的褒贬：
☉词义有轻重的不同：
考研英语答题卡打破：break, crack, crush, demolish, destroy, shatter, smash
闪光：shine, glitter, glare, sparkle
☉词义有范围大小与侧重点不同：
agriculture, farming, cultivation, agronomy
country, nation, land, state, power
empty (hou, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words, etc.)
vacant (position, room, hou, at, etc.)
hollow (tree, voice, sound, cheeks, etc.)
☉词义有感情色彩与语体色彩
“死”
to expire, to pass away, to clo (end) one’s day, to breathe one’s last
to go west, to pay the debt of nature to depart to the world of shadows to give up the ghost, to kick the bucket, to kick up one’s heels
to lay down one’s knife and fork
英语介词的用法“怀孕”
1. She is having a baby.
2. She is in a family way.
3. She is knitting little booties.
4. She is in a delicate condition.
5. She is in an interesting condition.
☉词义的两面性：
1. The enemy’s scheme went bankrupt.
We’ve worked out a perfect scheme.
2. He is an aggressive and promising young man.
Japan is an aggressive country.
3. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentlemen by saying he was
