什么是运动链？它是如何工作的？
A
BOUTThe Kinetic Chain
新东方考研班
招聘兼职会计关于运动链
什么是运动链，以及运动链是怎么工作的。我想这是所有康复及运动医学的人都一直在探讨的问题。本期，小编整理了一些相关资料希望对大家有所帮助
The kinetic chain is a chain of joints and other body tissues that act together. Really, you can consider each limb on your body, and the joints which attach tho limbs to the spine, as kinetic chains. According to Steindler (1955), the kinetic chain is 'a combination of veral successively arranged joints constituting a complex motor unit'.'The kinetic chain is made up of the soft tissue
system (muscle, ligament, tendon and fascia) neural system and articular system.'
运动链是一个关节链和身体其他组织的一起活动。确实，你可认为你身体的每个肢体以及连接脊柱和肢体的关节作为运动链。Steindler (1955)认为，运动链是“结合几个连续的相关关节完成一个复杂的运动单元”，“运动链由软组织系统（肌肉、韧带、肌腱和筋膜）、神经系统和关节系统组成”。
Three factors are required for the kinetic chain to work properly:
运动链的正常工作需要满足3个因素：拉斐尔简介
equivalents1. Normal length-tension relationship - this means that the length and tension of the musc
les and ligaments in the kinetic chain must be normal and in proper relation to each other. a. When the biceps contract, the triceps must relax. Altered length and tension in tho muscles will create imbalance and dysfunction. If the hamstrings are too tight, this will alter the way the knee works. Tight 'pecs' (pectoralis muscles in the upper chest) will cau problems in the shoulder joint.回复询盘
1、长度-张力的正常关系，这意味着运动链肌肉和韧带的长度及张力必须是正常的，同时处在适当的相互关系。a.当肱二头肌收缩时，肱三头肌必须放松。这些肌肉长度和张力的改变将引起肌肉的不平衡及功能障碍。如果腘绳肌太紧绷，将改变膝关节的工作模式。紧绷的“胸肌”（上胸部的胸肌）将导致肩关节的问题。
2. Normal force-couple relationship - force-coupling maintains anatomy in proper position despite the forces acting on them. a. When the shoulder muscles are working
the humeral head stays in the glenoid fossa due to the rotator cuff muscles holding the humerus in. Without the coupled forces the muscles working the arm could displace
the arm in the shoulder.
2、力耦合的正常关系，力耦合保持在适当的解剖位置尽管有不同力量作用于它们。a.肩关节周围的肌群工作使肱骨头保持在关节窝内。如果没有这些肌肉力耦合的正常工作，手臂可能脱出于肩关节。aussie
3. Normal arthrokinematics - this is the proper relationship of opposing joint surfaces invol
ving proper 'roll', 'spin', and 'slide' actions to allow for proper motion. This helps prevent deformation of the joint. a. If a joint surface is degraded, for example when the hips or knees develop arthritis, this affects how the two opposing bones can interact at the joint.
3、正常的关节运动学，这涉及相反关节面“滚动”、“旋转”、“ 滑动”运动的正常关系，才可允许运动的正常进行。这有助于预防关节的变形。a.如果关节表面退化，例如髋关节或膝关节形成关节炎，将会影响对立的两骨骼在关节处的相互作用。
If any one of the three things is not working correctly, all three will be compromid. The three altered relationships always occur together. You cannot have only an abnormal length-tension relationship, but have a normal force-couple relationship. If one i
s altered, all three will be altered. The proper function of the three factors allows for optimal nsorimotor integration, neuromuscular efficiency, and tissue recovery.
如果以上3个因素中任何一个因素不能正常工作，那么三个因素都将受到影响。这3个因素改变关系是相互影响的。你不可能仅仅是长度-张力关系的异常，而拥有正常的力耦合关系。如果一个因素改变，所有的3个因素都将改变。这3个因素的正常功能才有最佳的感觉整合功能、神经肌肉效率以及组织恢复。肌肉功能依赖骨的杠杆作用。
Muscles function as levers on bone. A contracting muscle will bring two bones clor together. The body creates movement by activating a ries of levers with more force
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in larger and less force in smaller gments, in order to summate velocity and reduce force applied to smaller, distal gments. The links must be moved in specific quences to allow efficiency. Generally, this is organized proximal to distal (from near the center of the body towards the hands and feet).
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一块收缩的肌肉使两块骨骼紧密的联系在一起。人体创造运动是通过激活一系列伴随大小力量作用的杠杆运动，为了叠加速度和减少力量用于人体精细、远端的运动。这些链接必须在特定的序列中移动以达到效率。一般来说，这些组织由身体的近端到远端（从身体的中心附近到手和脚）。
The body needs proximal stability to have distal mobility. For example, an unstable cervical spine (neck) will disrupt the body's ability to properly utilize the wrist. A more complicated example is a baball pitcher throwing a pitch. Stability is required in a kinetic chain ranging from the feet to the hands. In this example the feet must firmly be planted on the ground, the legs must pass force through the knees and hips, through the trunk and spine, across the shoulder joint, through the elbow and ultimately to the wrist. D
ysfunction from a missing link or improper timing will lead to greater force at distal gments.There are two basic types of functional chain deficits:
需身体需要近端的稳定来维持身体远端的运动。例如，不稳定的颈椎（颈部）将破坏身体正确利用手腕的功能。一个更复杂的例子是一个棒球运动员投球。运动链从脚到手稳定时必须的。在这个例子中，脚必须牢牢地固定在地面上，腿必须通过膝关节和臀部，躯干和脊柱，穿过肩关节和肘部，最终将力量传导至手腕。功能障碍从一个环节的缺失或者作用时间的不恰当开始，将导致身体远端力量的放大，影响功能。有两种基本类型的功能链缺失：
怎样才能学好英语1. Anatomic - related specifically to the area of injury (ex. rotator cuff tear causing diminished shoulder function, or torn medial meniscus with a resulting 'locked' knee).
This is the result of overt injury.
1.解剖：相关特定部位的损伤（如旋转肩袖撕裂引起的肩关节功能的缺失，或者内侧半月板撕裂引起的膝关节“绞锁”）。这些均是明显损伤的结果。
2. Functional - can occur throughout the body due to anatomical deficit or actual tissue injury, and can be addresd by chiropractors more readily than anatomical deficits. The often occur due to sub-clinical tissue injury (minor injury).
2.功能：可由于身体解剖缺失或者实际组织的损伤引起，通过按摩师进行组织的损伤功能恢复比解剖结构缺失更容易。这经常发生由于亚临床组织的损伤（小损伤）。
A properly-trained chiropractor with an understanding of the concepts can recognize and address kinetic chain deficits like the type described in this article.小学三年级英语试卷
