Suspe nsion spri ng
悬架弹簧
In triducti on
介绍
In this chapter we will discuss ways to calculate(approximately)certa in properties of
在这一章中我们将讨论如何计算(约)的某些特性
suspension system springs . boughWe will concentrate on spring rate and maximum stress
but
弹簧悬挂系统。我们将集中在春季率和最大应力而
also touch OU problems associated with usage , i. e., fatigue。 The types of springs
covered
也抚摸你相关的问题与使用,即,fatigue.the类型的弹簧盖
will in clude torsi on spri ngs , coil spri ngs , and leafspri ngs .北京农学院研究生院
将包括扭力弹簧,螺旋弹簧,和 leafsprings。
The material covered is insufficient for detailed design engineering calculations--for
that
材料覆盖是不够详细的工程计算,设计 一一
the reader will have to go to the literature , especially the referenced SAE desig n hand-
读者将要去的文学,尤其是汽车设计方面的参考 一
books and spring manufacturers ' handbooks
书籍和弹簧 manufacturers'handbooks 。
21 . 1 Torsio n Spri ngs
21.1个扭转弹簧
In a torsi on spri ng the elastic properties ofa long thi n “ bar' ' in tors ion( twist)is ud to
在扭簧的弹性性能的细长的酒吧去扭转(扭曲)是用来
produce a rectilinear spring rate that is comparable to that era coil spring , The spring
产生直线弹簧率相比,时代的螺旋弹簧,弹簧
load or forceis usually con verted to torque around the cen terl ine of the bar by means
负载或forceis通常转化为扭矩围绕中心线的酒吧的手段
of a lever arm at one or both (anti-roll bar)ends . Figure 21 . 1 gives the basic geometry
of
杠杆臂的一个或两个(防侧倾杆) en ds.figure21.1给出了基本几何
a tors ion spri ng .
扭转弹簧。
league是什么意思In practice the load is not always perpendicular to R throughout the entire twist angle ex-
实际负载不总是垂直于在整个扭角前 一
cursi on . friends with benefitsThus , in preci engin eeri ng desig n calculati ons , twist an gle correct ion
factors
cursion。因此,在精密工程设计计算,扭角校正因子
are iutrodueed(e Ref.7,for example) .
是 iutrodueed (见 ref.7,例如)。
The tors ion bar itlf may have any nu mber of differe nt cross cti ons , ranging from
the
扭杆本身可能有任何数量的不同截面,从
most widely ud circular bar to an oval bar or a rectaugular bar . In the notes we will
最广泛使用的圆棒椭圆形或矩形酒吧。我们将在这些笔记
focus ou the circular bar and the square bar 。 The configuration of the lever arm,R,is not
重点区圆棒和棒。配置的杠杆臂,,不是
important insofar as stress , spring rate , etc . , are concerned ; its only function is to
con vert
重要的应力,弹簧率,等等,是有关;其唯一职能是转换
W into a torque(WR)around the centerline ofthe bar . Ifthe wheel load is applied di-
到扭矩(西铁)围绕中心的酒吧。如果车轮负载应用迪 一
rectly at poin “ a" the spring rate is also the wheel rate
torch relay
最近在点”春季率也是轮率。
Maximum Stress
最大应力
Whe n an exter nal torque is applied to a torsio n bar the resisti ng mome nt developed
can
当一个外部扭矩应用到扭杆抗时刻了
be expresd as a function ofthe bar's cross-ct ional geometry and the maximum shear
表示为一个函数的杆的横截面几何形状和最大剪应变
stress , f.developed in the bar . If we call the resisting moment M , we can find expres-
应力,f.developed在酒吧。我们呼吁抵制的时刻,我们可以找到表达 一
sions for differe nt bar cross ct ions in any good engin eeri ng han dbook(for example
结论不同的酒吧截面在任何良好的工程手册(例如,
Ref. 19) . The resisting moment for a circular and a square bar are
ref.19 )。抗时刻为圆形和方形杆:
Circular bar : M=n d3f/16 , lb. -in (21 . 1)
圆棒:米=n伴奏/ 16磅,在(21.1 )
Squarebar : M=d3f/4.8 民愤, lb. -in . (21 . 2)
Since resisti ng mome nt, M, is equal to the applied mome nt, RW (ig noring fricti on
自抗时刻,米,等于适用时刻,刻录(忽略摩擦力
torque), we can express maximum shear stress as:
扭矩),我们可以表达为最大剪应力:
Circular bar: f= I6WR/d3, psi (in. and lb. units) (21,3)
圆棒:=i6wr/ D,防扩散安全倡议(在。和磅单位)( 21,3 )
Square bar: f=4.8WR/d3, psi (21.4)
广场酒吧:=4.8wr/d3,防扩散安全倡议(21.4 )
In Eqs. (21.3) and (21.4) we can e that the maximum stress is directly proportional to
在均衡器。(21.3 )和(21.4 )我们可以看到,最大应力成正比
the applied torque, WR, and in verly proporti onal to the fun dame ntal dime nsion, d; it is
扭矩的应用,水利,和成反比的基本层面,开发;它是
not a fun cti on of bar len gth, L (which en ters into the determ in ati on of twist an gle and
不是一个功能的长度,我(进入确定扭角和
spri ng rate).
春季率)。
To make a direct comparis on betwee n the circular and the square bar we can focus on the
使直接比较的圆形和方形栏,我们可以专注于
maximum stress per un it applied torque.
最大应力单元应用扭矩。
Using the above equati ons we have
businesspartner使用上面的方程,我们有
f/WR=k
人才用英语
男/西铁=钾
Circularbar : k=1 6/ n d3 psi/lb . -in_ (21 . 5)
circularbar :钾=16 / nD,防扩散安全倡议 /磅 in_ (21.5 ger)
hrs
Square bar : k- 4 . 8/d3 . Psi/lb . -in .
广场酒吧:钾-4.8/ D/磅在防扩散安全倡议。
Figure 21.2 is aplot of k vs . bar area , with equal d ' s keyed iThe plots show that for
图21.2是aplot钾vs.bar区,具有同等的紧张情节表明,。
equal cross-ctional area(and therefore equal weight for the sarfle length , L), the cir-
平等横截面积(因此同等重量的 sarfle长度,长),该局长 一
eular ct ion has a lower k . The differe nee is most pronounced at low equal area but di—