2012年复旦大学考博英语试卷
（原题来源自辅导班，手工整理，有不完善的地方请理解）
词汇
1 It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job becau of the ______
way the store was organized.
A logical
B haphazard
C orderly
D tidy
2 Mississippi also uplolds the South’s well-derved reputation for warm,hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly______cuisine.
A destructive
B horrible
C amiable
D delectable
3 If she is stupid,she’s _____pleasant to look at.
speedA at any rate
B by chance
C at a loss
D by the way
4 The mother was_____with grief when she heard that her child was dead.
A fantastic
B frank
C frantic
D frenzy
5 In your teens,peer-group friendships may _____from parents as the major influence on you.
A take control
B take place
C take up
D take over
6 Parents often faced the ___between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noi and destructiveness.
A paradox
B junction
C premi
D dilemma
7There have been demonstrations on the streets____the recent terrorist attack.
A in the wake of
B in the cour of
C in the context of
D in the light of
8Thousands of Medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly_____access to necessary care.
A grudged
B denied
C negated
D invalidated
9 It has been propod by many linguists that human language______,our biologically programmed abilith to u language, is still not well defined and understood.
A potentiality
B perception
C faculty
D acquisition
10 Western medicine,_______science and practiced by people with academic internationally accepted medical degrees,is only one of many systems of healing.
A rooted in
B originated from
C trapped in
D indulged in
11 When I asked if a black politician could win in France,however ,he responded _____:”No,conditions are different here.”
A ambiguously
B implicitly
C unhesitatingly
D optimistically
12 The development of staff cohesion and a n of team effort in the workplace can be effectively _______by the u of humor.
A acquainted
B installed
C regulated
D facilitated
13 In both America and Europe,it is _____to tip the waiter or waitress anywhere from 10% to 20%.
A elementary
B temporary
C voluntary
D customary
14 Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps______rigid departmental borndaries.
A pass over
B stand for
C break down Dt off
15 As a teenager,I was_____by a blind passion for a slim star I would never meet in my life.
A pursued
B duced
C consumed
D guaranteed
英语国家16 His originality as a compor is____by the following group of songs.
A exemplified
B created
C performed
D realized
17 They are going to London,but their______destination is Rome.
A ultimate
B prime
C next
2014世界杯赛程D cardinal
18 The poor old man was _____with diabetes and without proper treatment he would lo his eyesight and become crippled very soon.
A suffered
B afflicted
C induced
D infected
19 The bribe and the bridegroom were overwhelmed in happiness when their family offered to take them to Rome to _______the marriage.
A terminate
B initiate Cconsummate D parate
20 Join said that the richer countries of the world should make a _____effort to help the poorer countries.
A futile
B glittering
C frantic
D concentrated
21 The problem is inherent and _______in any democracy,but it has been more vere in ours during the past quarter-century becau of the near universal denigration of government,politics and politicians.
A perishable
B periodical
C perver
D perennial
22As is known to all ,____commodities will definitely do harm to our life sooner or later.
A counterfeit
B fake
C imitative
D fraudulent
23 It would be _____to think that this could solve all the area’s problems straight away.
A subtle Bfeeble C nasty D naïve
24It is surprising that such an innocent-looking man should have____such a crime.
A confirmed
B clarified
C committed
D converyed
distribution翻译25 Hummans are ___,which enables them to make dicisions even when they can’t justify why.
A rational
B reasonable
C hesitant
D intuitive
26 More than 100____cats that ud to roam the streets in a Chine province have now been collected and organized into a tram to fight rodents that are destroying crops.
A loo
B tamed
C wild
D stary
27 To say that his resignation was a shock would be an______-------it caud panie.
A excu
B indulgence
C exaggeration
D understatement
28 Here the burden of his thought is that the philosopher ,aiming at truth,must not ____the duction of trying to write beautifully.
A subject to
B carry on
C yield to
D aim at
29 I found the subject very difficult ,and at one time thought I should have to give it up,but you directions are so clear and ____that I have succeeded in getting a picture we all think pretty,though wanting in the tender grace of yours.
A on the point
B off the point
C to the point
D up to a point
30 They both watched as the crime scene technicians took samples of various fibers and bagged them,dusted for fingerprints,took pictures and tried to _____what could have happened.
A rehear
B reiterate
C reinforce
D reenact
阅读：
A
In 1896 a georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. in contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,000. the transformation in social values implicit in juxta- posing the two incidents is the subject of viviana zelizer's excellent book, <i>pricing the priceless child</i>. during the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the "uful" child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the prent-day notion of the "uless" child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally "priceless." well established among gments of the middle and upper class by the mid-1800's, this new view of childhood spread through- out society in the iate-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made
child labor taboo. for zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. the gradual erosion of children's productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the asssment of children's worth. yet "expulsion of children from the 'cash nexus,'... although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures," zelizer maintains. "was also part of a cultural process 'of sacralization' of children's lives. " protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace. in stressing the cultural determinants of a child's worth. zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new "sociological economics," who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual "preferences," the sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to
transform price. as children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their "exchange" or " surrender" value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.
1.it can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in America
非组织政治活动during the nineteenth century tended to be bad principally on the
(a) earnings of the person at time of death
(b) wealth of the party causing the death
(c) degree of culpability of the party causing the deathindividuality
(d) amount of money that had been spent on the person killed
2.it can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800's children were generally
regarded by their families as individuals who
(a) needed enormous amounts of curity and affection
(b) required constant supervision while working
(c) were important to the economic well-being of a family
(d) were unsuited to spending long hours in school
3.which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of
children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are described in the passage?
2021年英语四级真题试卷电子版(a) the cash value of children ro during the nineteenth century becau parents
began to increa their emotional investment in the upbringing of
their children.
(b) the cash value of children ro during the nineteenth century becau their
expected earnings over the cour of a lifetime incread greatly.
(c) the cash value of children ro during the nineteenth century becau the spread of
humanitarian ideals resulted in a wholesale reappraisal of the worth of an individual
(d) the cash value of children ro during the nineteenth century becau compulsory
education laws reduced the supply, and thus raid the costs, of available child labor.
4.the primary purpo of the passage is to
(a) review the literature in a new academic subfield
(b) prent the central thesis of a recent book
(c) contrast two approaches to analyzing historical change
(d) refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon
of children's worth except changes in
(a) the mortality rate
(b) the nature of industry
(c) the nature of the family
(d) attitudes toward reform movements
B
A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herlf. It was pointed out to her that the
pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied: 'I'm going
to walk where I like. We've got liberty now.' It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian
to
walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody el's way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would h
ave become social anarchy.There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in the days like the old
lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourlves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in
order that the liberties of all may be prerved,
the liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman,say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, but of liberty.You may not think so. You may, being
in a hurry, and eing your car pulled up by this insolence of office, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare
this fellow interfere with
your free u of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not
interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom
that you would never
gs什么意思
cross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment of private liberty
in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.
Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social
contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody el's liberty, of cour, I may be as free as I like. If I choo to go down the road in a dressing-gown who
shall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have
liberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeing
my hair, or waxing my moustache (which heaven forbid), or wearing an
overcoat and sandals, or going to bed late or getting up early, I shall follow my fancy and ask no man
's permission. I shall not
inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that, whether you
may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox to Wordsworth, or champagne to
shandy.In all the and a thousand other details you and I plea ourlves and ask no one's leave. We have a whole kingdom in
which we rule alone, can do what we choo, be wi or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we step out of that
kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people's liberty. I might like to practice on the trombone from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I could plea mylf, but if I do it in my bedroom
my family will object, and if I do it out in the streets
the neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trombone must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet.There are a
lot of people in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to their liberties.We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately
we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this
respect than of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct.It is in the small matters of conduct, in the obrvance of the rule of the road,
that we pass judgment upon ourlves, and
declare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits of commonplace intercour that make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make bitter the journey.
1. The author might have stated his ‘rule of the road’ as
A. do not walk in the middle of the road
B. follow the orders of policemen
C. do not behave inconsiderately in public
D. do what you like in private
2. The author’s attitude to the old lady in paragraph one is
A. condescending
B. intolerant
C. objective D supportive
3 A situation analogous to the ‘insolence of office’ described in paragraph 2 would be
A. a teacher correcting grammar errors
2011年12月英语六级听力
B. an editor shortening the text of an article
C. a tax inspector demanding to e someone’s accounts
D. an army office giving orders to a soldier
4 The author assumes that he may be as free as he likes inforeigntrade
A. all matters of dress and food
B. any situation which does not interfere with the liberty of others
C. anything that is not against the law
D. his own home
5 In the ntence ‘ We are all liable.. the author is
A. pointing out a general weakness
B. emphasizing his main point
C. countering a general misconception
D. suggesting a remedy
C
The name of Florence Nightingale lives in the memory of the
world by virtue of the heroic adventure of the Crimea. Had she
died - as she nearly did - upon her return to England,
her
reputation would hardly have been different; her legend would
