专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷192 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. It will initially be ud only for robotic taxi rvices in restricted urban areas but should be available for consumers to purcha by the middle of the decade. (5) Ford’s newfound confidence in lf-driving cars comes just as the technology’s pioneers are struggling to mature beyond this same gee-whiz enthusiasm. Google’s lf-driving project, perennially (永久地) poid to be spun out into a parate company, recently lost key members, while Apple is rumored to have laid off dozens of engineers and scaled back its ambitious plans to build its own autonomous vehicle. (6) But other rivals still em years ahead of Ford. Uber is beginning a driverless taxi pilot in Pittsburgh this week (albeit with a human safety driver), and startup Nutonomy is already offering robotic taxi rides in Singapore. To judge by Monday’s demos, on the other hand, Ford’s lf-driving Fusions are still spooked (惊吓) by bushes growing too clo to the road and paralyzed with indecision when confronted with pedestrians who may or may not be about to step off the pavement. (7) Its fleet of development cars, currently just 10 strong, looks thin compared with Google’s dozens of cars operating across the U. S. , or the thou
sands of autopilot-enabled Teslas gathering millions of miles of real-world data monthly. Ford aims to have 30 autonomous Fusions by the end of the year, and about 100 by the end of 2017. (8) But although Ford may appear to be lagging behind, it has been working quietly behind the scenes. Several lf-driving startups, including Uber, Faraday Future and Autonomous Stuff, are already using Ford Fusions (or its near equivalent, the Lincoln MKZ) to develop their own technologies. “It’s the absolute best vehicle right now for testing lf-driving,” says Bobby Hambrick, CEO of Autonomous Stuff, a company developing retro-fit automated driving kits. “There are no other carmakers that are so open to work through third parties like us. “ (9) Fields also points to the multinational’s competencies in building and lling vehicles. “We’ve been working on autonomous vehicles for over 10 years,” he said. soul什么意思“And for 100 years, we’ve built high-volume product with quality and affordability. “ (10) Fields finished his keynote address by predicting that autonomous vehicles will have as big an impact on society as Henry Ford’s moving asmbly line did a century ago. He will be hoping that Ford will still be around to celebrate the centenary of the autonomous car.
4． Ford’s strategies in line with the traffic-jammed world include all the following EXCEPT______.
A．investing into some eccentric inventions
B．transferring its operation conceptiondivorce
C．hastening its development of autonomous vehicle
D．getting involved in some sharing projects
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。作者在原文第二段末尾提到福特致力于重塑交通拥堵的城市，其后的第三段第一至四句引用其首席执行官的原话，指出福特的经营理念由关注销售转为注重服务，该段第五句则提到了福特参与的一些分享型公共交通项目，[A]“投资一些稀奇古怪的发明”是对第三段第五句的曲解，原文的意思是福特做了一些看起来与之业务关联不大的，看
似古怪的投资，故[A]为本题答案。[B]和[D]是福特应对交通拥堵的策略；而在第四段第四句中作者明确提到应对交通需求变化的一个策略是加速研发全自动汽车，故[C]也符合文意。 知识模块：阅读
5． Which of the following can we infer about the status of Ford’s lf-driving scheme?
A．It is far behind its rivals in technology.
B．It has made a breakthrough in certain aspects.
C．It is an impulsive activity without mature design.
D．It is restricted in a small-scale trial operation.
别惹蚂蚁英文版正确答案：B差距英语
解析：推断题。本题需要依据全文主要信息推断。文章从第二段至倒数第二段均在说明福特无人驾驶项目的情况，其中在第八段中提到，福特的无人驾驶项目虽然看似落后于对手，但一些该领域的先驱企业却选用了它的重要部件，并对它的服务表示了肯定，可见，
它在某些领域还是实现了突破，故[B]为正确答案。[A]“在技术方面远远落后于其竞争对手”是对第八段第一句的曲解，原文是一个转折句，前半句说福特看似落在后面，但却做了很多幕后工作，可见，福特并非真正落伍，故排除[A]；第五段第一句说，福特对进入无人驾驶汽车市场的信心来自于先驱们已经在狂热之后走向了成熟，可见，它的全自动项目不是一时冲动的决定，因此排除[C]；第七段开头虽然提到福特全自动项目目前规模较小，但是也提到了它在未来几年中迅速扩大的计划，故[D]也应排除。 知识模块：阅读
6． What’s the author’s attitude to the prospect of Ford’s autonomous car project?
A．Utterly optimistic.
英语学习资料B．Fairly pessimistic.
C．Basically neutral.
D．Somewhat perplexed.
正确答案：C
解析：态度题。解答本题需综合全文信息。作者开篇提出话题，即老牌汽车企业福特研发无人驾驶新项目，随后介绍了它的研发理念、战略和一些技术发展情况，其中也将其与同领域的竞争对手相比较，分析了它的优劣，结尾部分简单引用了福特首席执行官的观点，尽管福特当家人对这个项目表现得自信满满，但作者在行文中还是十分客观地分析了福特面临的挑战和问题，当然同时也指出了它的优势，可见，作者大致还是持不偏不倚的态度，因此[C]为答案。问题和优势兼顾，挑战与机遇并存，这是作者在文章中明确表现出来的，因此[A]和[B]均可排除；作者从基本情况的介绍到竞争优劣的分析均井井有条，没有表现出疑惑，故排除[D]。 知识模块：阅读
7． Which category of writing does the passage belong to?
A．Narration.
B．Exposition.
C．Persuasion.
D．Description.
正确答案：B
解析：体裁题。从全文的整体内容考虑，作者主要是介绍了福特公司建立新项目，研发无人驾驶汽车的基本情况，同时也顺带介绍了它的主要竞争对手的状况，以分析和解释福特新项目面临的挑战和机遇，最后引用该公司首席执行官的话进行结篇。从核心意义和写作手法考虑，作者都是在力图说明一件事，因此答案为[B]。文章并没有从头到尾介绍一个完整事件或是详细描述某个事物，因此排除[A]和[D]；作者虽然进行了一些分析，也引用了一些观点，但并未明确表明自己的立场和确立自己的论点，[C]不符合题意，故排除。 知识模块：阅读
(1) Dr. Leonard Bailey turns 74 in August, but as chief of surgery for Loma Linda University’s Children’s Hospital, he still puts in 60-hour weeks, starting at 6:30 every morning. The pioneering heart surgeon performed the world’s first successful infant-to-infant heart transplant and has done hundreds of transplants for the tiniest of babies. “jameliaThere’s no reason to stop. If you’re constantly thinking new thoughts and dealing with new problems, it refreshes your brain cells and makes new connections. “ (2) A June rep
ort by the Pew Rearch Center found that the percentage of retirement-age Americans who remain in the workforce has dramatically incread, climbing from 12. 8 percent in 2000 to 18. 8 percent this year. (3) Several factors are driving this trend. Some of it is financial—the Great Recession of 2008 ripped a big chunk out of retirement savings, and fewer employees the days have fixed pensions, so many people have little choice but to keep working. But others are like Bailey—educated professionals who aren’t ready to be cast aside. (4) There’s also a shift in attitudes toward retirement, probably becau we’re in the midst of the most significant demographic (人口统计学的) change in history. Up until the 20th century, fewer than half of all Americans reached age 50, but by midcentury, more than 88 million Americans will be over 65, according to U.S. government projections, which has triggered worries that caring for the oldsters could drain societal resources and bankrupt the health care system. But many experts believe horror stories of greedy geezers (怪老头) guzzling (狂饮; 暴食) scarce resources miss the fact that many of today’s niors are healthier, better educated and more productive than previous generations—and want to keep working. (5) While some employers worry about
aging workers’ diminished capacities, rising health care costs and their unfamiliarity with new tech tools, some companies are already finding innovative ways to accommodate an aging workforce. They’ve launched programs that range from mentoring programs that pair up experienced veterans with younger colleagues to phad-in retirement plans that allow people to work flexibly or on part-time schedules. The programs let companies capitalize on the legions of workers in their 60s who’d miss the camaraderie and the paycheck but not the hectic pace that comes with a full-time job. (6) There are good reasons for companies to do this. Older workers are more loyal and stay on the job longer than their younger counterparts. This reduces turnover and minimizes costs for hiring and training replacements. Older employees also have a depth of experience, contacts and skills, which often means they can come up to speed faster than the youngsters, and they can be more adept at navigating in the corporate world. (7) The staff at Michelin, the tire manufacturer in the U. S. is practically geriatric: Nearly 40 percent of their 16,000 employees are over 50, and most of them have been with the company for two decades or more. They range from flextime, compresd work schedule
s and job-sharing to telecommuting and phad retirement programs. And Michelin’s not just holding on to its white-collar professionals; it puts just as much effort into retaining skilled tradespeople—the automation experts, electricians and technical support staffers who maintain production on the factory floor. “The are the hardest jobs to fill becau so few have this kind of experti,” says Stafford, Michelin’s executive vice president of human resources. “Manufacturing companies are all facing the kinds of shortages today. “ (8) MEI Technologies, an aerospace and technology company, actively recruits retirees, targeting former NASA engineers and retired military people to work on a project basis during rush periods. “ Work flows have peaks and valleys, and this on-call workforce helps us meet customer needs,” says Sandra Stanford, director of human resources at MEI Technologies. (9) Even in the notoriously youth-oriented tech world, some companies are crafting corporate benefits to keep and attract older workers. At NerdWallet, a financial information website headquartered in San Francisco, nearly a third of the writing and editing staff is 50 or older. “I want the best talent, I want a mix of it, and we’re highly lective of who we hire,” says Maggie Leung, the company’s nior dir
ector of content. (10) Leung says she aggressively recruited Phil Reed in his mid-60s, who’s been writing about cars for more than two decades, telecommutes from Long Beach, California. chinelovelinks com“There were times I felt conscious of my age,” recalls Reed, who normally does weekly video conferences with his boss and colleagues. “But I was plead to find that there were quite a few editors in their 40s and 50s, and it wasn’t just a startup with kids running around. Originally, I had planned to retire in a couple of years. But I like being involved and being part of a team. If things keep up like this, why would I retire?”
黄瓜英文
8． According to the author, the advantage of nior employees mainly lies in that______.
A．they are more loyal, reliable and industrious
B．they reduce labor costs by asking for less pay
英语学习杂志
C．they are ud to the strain of fast-paced work
D．they are more adapted to the industrial culturebalala
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。原文第五段第一句提到了有些公司开始寻找新的办法来安置老化的劳动力，在随后的一段中指出公司这样做有多重原因，其中一个就是第六段最后一句中提到的他们在本行业领域更加驾轻就熟，这与[D]的说法相一致，故[D]为答案。作者在第六段第二句虽然指出年长员工更加忠实于企业，但对于他们是否更加可靠和勤奋，并没有明确提到，故排除[A]；雇用年长员工可以降低人力成本，但原因是第六段第三句所说的，因为人员流动少，减少了培训和雇用新人的费用，并非年长员工薪资低，因此[B]与原文不符，也应排除；作者在第五段最后一句中说这些年长员工不会想念全职工作带来的繁忙，可见，他们不喜欢紧张的工作节奏，[C]与原文不符，故排除。 知识模块：阅读
9． The word “geriatric” in Para. 7 is clost in meaning to______.
A．diversified
B．skillful
C．professional
D．nior
正确答案：D
解析：语义题。文中geriatric之后的标点是冒号，即说明后文对其有解释作用。冒号引用的数据说百分之四十的员工年龄超过五十岁，在公司工作的时间也在二十年以上，可见，此词的意思应该与nior“年长的；资深的”最为接近，故答案为[D]。本段中没有提到其他年龄结构和性质特点的员工，故排除[A]“多元化的”；后文虽然提到了员工的技术和专业能力，但本文主题是围绕年长员工展开的，并非专门讨论技能和专业性，故[B]和[C]也应排除。 知识模块：阅读
