第12单元舍伍德·安德森
中华人民共和国英文
12.1 复习笔记
I. Introduction to author（作者简介）
1. Life（生平）aspeeder
Sherwood Anderson (1876—1941), a novelist, was born in Camden, Ohio, the third of ven children of his family. After his father’s business failed, the family was forced to move frequently, finally ttling down at Clyde, Ohio, in 1884. Partly as a result of the misfortunes, young Sherwood found various odd jobs to help his family, which earned him the nickname “Jobby.” He left school at age 14.
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billetAnderson moved to Chicago near his brother’s home and worked as a manual laborer until near the turn of the century, when he enlisted in the United States Army. He was called up but did not e action in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. After the war, in 1900, he enrolled at Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio. Eventually he cured a job as a copywriter in Chicago and became more success
ful.
英语3级舍伍德·安德森(1876—1941)是一位小说家，出身于俄亥俄州卡姆丹镇，在七个孩子中排行第三。父亲经商失败后，全家人被迫频繁搬家，最后于1884年定居在俄亥俄州的克莱德镇。部分是由于这些原因，年少的安德森必须干各种零活以补贴家用，因此获得外号
“Jobby”。14岁时退学。
阿尔萨斯牧羊犬安德森搬到芝加哥他哥哥家附近，做粗工，直到20世纪初他应征加入美国陆军。他被召集参加西美战争，但他没有去古巴。战后1900年他进入俄亥俄州斯普林菲尔德的威登堡大学学习。最后，他被担保在芝加哥获得撰稿人一职，越来越成功。
2. Literary contributions（文学贡献）
(1) Thematically Anderson had the courage to explore new material for fiction: the psychological and emotional aspect of American small-town life, with emphasis chiefly on lower-class figures, the unsuccessful, the depraved, and the inarticulate. Winesburg, Ohio, which becomes an American clas
sic, is a good illustration.
(2) Technically, Anderson was a highly original writer. He depended on inspiration in his creative endeavor. He obrved human grotesqueness and eccentricity from a Freudian psychological point of view and tried to reveal the abnormal states of mind in a more or less accurate way.
(3) Anderson was probably the first writer since Mark Twain to write in the colloquial style. He regarded the vernacular as an honest medium and developed a style the major features of which included clarity, directness, and a deceptive simplicity. This style influenced Hemingway and Faulkner.
（1）在主题方面，安德森勇于挖掘小说创作的新素材，即美国小镇生活中的心理和情感层面。他着重关注底层人物，诸如失败者、堕落者和不善表达的人等。他的经典作品《小城畸人》就是很好的例证。
（2）技巧方面，安德森是原创性的作家，他依靠灵感进行创作。他从弗洛伊德心理分
析的角度观察人类的怪诞行为，从而试图准确地揭示人物反常的心理状况。
小儿英语
（3）安德森是继马克·吐温之后运用口头语言进行创作的首位作家。他认为日常用语是一种可靠的媒介。他的写作风格以清晰，直接和貌似简单著称。这种风格影响了后来的海明威和福克纳。
英语六级报名时间3. Major Works（主要作品）
Windy McPherson’s Son(1916) 《饶舌的麦吉佛逊的儿子》
Marching Men (1917) 《前进中的人们》
Winesburg, Ohio (1919) 《小镇畸人》
dentPoor White (1920) 《穷白人》
The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories (1921) 《鸡蛋的胜利及其他故事》
Hou and Men (1923) 《马与人》
Many Marriages (1923) 《多种婚姻》
Dark Laughter (1925) 《阴沉的笑声》
Beyond Desire (1932) 《超越欲望》
Death in the Woods and Other Stories (1933) 《林中之死及其他故事》
Ⅱ. Selected works（选读作品）
◆The Triumph of the Egg《鸡蛋的胜利》
The Triumph of the Egg employs the first-person narrative, by recalling and association, telling the life stories of himlf and his parents. The plot is developed by telling his father’s failure raising chickens. This event happens in a village
where the life can be divided into two parts: before father’s marriage and after his marriage. The father, as a farm worker, was very optimistic and enthusiastic, and he was satisfied with his single life. After the father got marriage and had his son, the literate mother made him ambitious to get up in the world and his methods to make money was to rai chickens. However, the fa ther’s efforts and the following failures were cloly related to eggs. The “terrible cycle” of hen, egg and chicken a
nd father’s hard experiences, along with “my” inner activities are intertwined, and echo to each other. Then, the scene of the story shifts from village to town. The father ran a restaurant, and he pinned hopes on showing of the samples of tho malformed chickens and playing tricks with eggs, but it was the that destroyed his hopes thoroughly.
《鸡蛋的胜利》通过第一人称视角，在回忆和联想中讲述自己和父母的生活事件。故事情节展开于父亲养鸡发家的失败经历。这时事件发生在农村，并将故事分为两部分：父亲婚前生活和婚后生活。父亲本性乐观、热情，作为农场工人，他的单身生活过得很满意。父亲娶妻生子后，有文化的母亲使他开始有了在社会中出人头地的“志向”，而父亲的发家手段是养鸡，但是父亲的努力与接踵而至的失败总是和鸡蛋连在一起。母鸡、鸡蛋、小鸡的“可怕的循环”与父的灾难性经历和“我”的内心活动相互交织、呼应。随后，事件的另一个场景转换到城镇生活。父亲经营饭馆生意，而父亲寄予厚望的畸形小鸡标本展示和鸡蛋戏法恰恰彻底毁灭了父亲的希望。
12.2 课后习题详解
1. Why did the narrator’s father treasure up the dead deformed chickens?
Key: Becau the dead chickens were grotesque and the father thought that the grotesques were valuable and people would like to look at strange and wonderful things. He wanted to make fortune by them.
2. What is the narrator’s outlook on life?
Key: When the narrator was young, he was greatly influenced by their chicken raising, which made deep impression of disaster on him. He became a gloomy man during his childhood. Although, sometimes, he was so happy that he would show it, he thought that he should not, becau that he had been raid on a chicken farm where death was a daily visitor. Throughout the whole story, we can e that the narrator has an optimistic outlook on life.
3. What does the egg come to symbolize by the end of the narrative?
Key: At the end of the narrative, the father threw an egg to his visitor, and this egg symbolizes the crush of the father’s American Dream. Finally, “he laid the egg gently on the table” symbolizes that he realizes that his dream can never come true, so he gives up.
4. How is the egg ud to unify the narrative elements?
Key: Throughout the story, the narrator tells us two adventures of his father. The first one is raising chickens, which is directly related with the egg. The cond
adventure is running a restaurant, during which the father is still related with the egg, with which he rves his guests and plays tricks for them. We can say that the father can not break up with his past once for all. Thus, the egg unites all the narrative elements of the story.
12.3 考研真题与典型题详解
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. Winesburg, Ohio was written by _____. (大连外国语学院2007研)
【答案】Sherwood Anderson
【解析】《俄亥俄州的温斯堡镇》(或译《小城畸人》)是美国二十世纪早期小说家舍伍德·安德森(Sherwood Anderson)的代表作。
2. Two writers played important roles in making Faulkner what he later became. ______ helped him to write and publish his first novel Soldier’s Pay and ______ was his idol and inspired him to write creatively.
【答案】Sherwood Anderson; James Joyce
【解析】安德森和乔伊斯都对福克纳的文学创作产生了很大影响。前者帮助他发表了《士兵的报酬》，后者激发了福克纳创作的动力。
bottledⅡ. Multiple Choice
1. Among the following writers, _____ is best known for his nsitive depiction of the
