Meaning, information, message and image
Examine for a moment an ordinary mind on an ordinary day. The mind receives a myriad impressions-trivial, fantastic, evanescent, or engraved with the sharpness of steel. From all sides they come, and incessant shower of innumerable atoms, and as they fall, as they shape themlves into the life of Monday or Tuesday, the accent falls differently from of old; the moment of importance came not here but there; so that, if a writer were a free man and not a slave, if he could write what he cho, not what he must, if he could ba his work upon his own feeling and not upon convention, there would be not plot, no comedy, no tragedy, no love interest of catastrophe in the accepted style, and perhaps not a single button wn on as the Bond Street tailors would have it. Life is not a ries of gig lamps symmetrically arranged; life is a luminous halo, a mi-transparent envelope surrounding as from the beginning of consciousness to the end. Is it not task of the novelist to convey this varying, this unknown and uncircumscribed spirit, whatever aberration or complexity it may display, with as little mixture of the alien and external as possible?
看看一个普通的心灵在一个普通日子里的经验。心灵接受无数的印象-琐碎的、奇妙的、易逝的，或是刻骨铭心的。它们来自各个方面，像无数的原子不断地洒落；当它们降落下来，形成星期一或星期二的生活时，重点与过去有所不同；重要时刻来自这里而不是哪里；因此如果一个作家是自由人而不是奴隶，
如果他能写自己选择的东西，而不是他必须写的东西，如果他能依据自己的感觉而不是常规来写作，那就会没有情节、没有喜剧、没有悲剧、没有常规形式的爱情、利益或灾难，也许没有一颗纽扣是照邦德街的裁缝的习惯缝上的。生活不是一系列对称的车灯，而是一圈光晕，一个半透明的罩子，它包围着我们，从意识开始直到意识终结。表达这种变化多端的、未知的、不受限制的精神（无论它表现出何种反常或复杂性），尽可能少混杂外部的东西，这难道不是小说家的任务吗？
把一个普普通通的人物在一个普普通通的一天中的内心活动考察一下把。心灵接纳了成千上万个印象-琐碎的、奇异的、倏忽即逝的或者用锋利的钢刀深深地铭刻在心头的印象。它们来自四面八方，就像不计其数的原子在不停地簇射；当这些原子坠落下来，构成了星期一或星期二的生活，其侧重点就和以往有所不同；重要的瞬间不在于此而在于彼；因此，如果作家是个自由人而不是奴隶，如他能随心所欲而不是墨守成规，如果他能够以个人的感觉而不是以因袭的传统作为他工作的依据，那么，就不会有约定俗成的情节、喜剧、悲剧、爱情的欢乐或灾难，而且也许不会有一粒纽扣是用邦德街的裁缝所惯用的那种方式钉上的。生活并不是匀称地装配好的眼睛，生活是一圈明亮的光环，生活是与我们的意识相始终的、保卫着我们的一个半透明的封套。把这种变化多端、不可名状、难以界说的内在精神-不论它可能显得多么反常和复杂-用文字表达出来，并且尽可能少羼入一些外部的杂质，这难道不是小说家的任务吗？
细察一个平常人的头脑在平常日子里一瞬间的状况吧。在那一瞬间，头脑接受着数不清的印象-有的琐
细、有的离奇、有的飘逸，有的则像利刃刻下似得那样明晰。它们像是有成千上万颗微粒所构成的不断的骤雨，从四面八方袭来；落下时，它们便形成为礼拜一或礼拜二那天的生活，着重点与往日不同；紧要的关键在此而不在彼；因此，如果作家是一个自由人而不是一个奴隶，如果他能以自己的亲身感受而不是以传统章法作为自己作品的基础，那么，就不必非有什么情节、喜剧性、悲剧性、爱情事件以及符合公认格式的灾难性结局不可，而一只扣子也不必非要按照邦德大街上裁缝所习惯的方式钉在衣服上。生活并不是一连串对称排列的马车灯，生活是一圈光轮，一只半透明的外壳，我们的意识自始至终被它所包围着。对于这种多变的、陌生的、难以界定的内在精神，无论它表现得多么脱离常规、错综复杂，总要尽可能不夹杂任何外来异物，将它表现出来-这岂不是一位小说家的任务吗？
Well, monks had a history of such things. 嗨，和尚们又干这种事情的历史。嗨，和尚们干这种勾当由来已久。Is the Pope Polish? 那还用说吗？这不是秃头上的虱子-明摆着的吗！
Any excu will do for a picture of Audrey Herburn. 为了得到澳黛丽·赫本的一张玉照，什么借口都不为过。Sunday evening was stormy, and some enthusiasm was required to make one face its perils for the sake of society. Nevertheless, a few intimates made their appearances as usual at Mrs. Lee’s.
星期天晚上突然来了暴风雨，为了社交活动吃点风雨之苦，一些热情是少不了的。不管怎样，几个走得很近的人还是一如既往，在李太太家露面了。
Polly asked him questions that were full of guile, and very deep-for she wanted to trap him into damaging revealments.
包莉姨妈问了他一些使足了心计的、非常深刻的问题-打算诱他上钩，在话里流露出对他不利的马脚来。
包莉姨妈问了他很多问题，都充满心计、深藏不漏-因为包莉姨妈一心想从他嘴里套出些难以自圆其说的话来。
包莉姨妈问这问那，旁敲侧击，拐弯抹角，一心想从他的话里寻出些破绽来。
From this deficiency of nourishment resulted an abu which presd hardly on the younger pupils: whenever the famished great girls had an opportunity they would coax or menace the little ones out of their portion.
营养不良（实物严重匮乏）造成了一种恶劣风气，使年龄小一些的学生深受其害。那些饿坏了的大姑娘一有机会，就会连哄带吓地分占他们的那一份。
Who would think that the Evil One had already found a rvant and agent in her? Y et such, I grieve to say, is the ca.
走遍美国视频谁能想得到魔鬼已经在她身上找到了一个奴仆和代理人？可是我要痛心地说，事实却正是这样。谁能想得到她早已经成了魔鬼的狗腿子，（沆瀣一气，）狼狈为奸，为虎作伥？可是我要痛心地说，事实却正是如此。Every thing that goes on in ladies’ lavatories in Japan has to remain discreet. Fearful that sounds would disclo what was happening behind the clod door, Japane women ud to flush while using the toilet. Not to flush per , but to produce the sound of running water which drowned out the other sounds.
在日本，女厕所里进行的每一件事情都一直周到细致。因为担心紧闭的厕所门后正在发生的如厕之事泄露出去，日本妇女过去使用卫生间惯用冲水。不是要冲刷什么，而是利用流水声把别的响声湮没了。
The tears of the penitent flow unceasing, transformed into stars they form not simply a Milky Way in the heavens but a stream of cream.
这位忏悔者的泪水流呀流呀，无休无止，变成星辰后不仅组成了一条牛奶路，而且形成了一条奶酪河。
What ship is found in a church? Worship.
What ship needs a group of workers? Membership.
What ship does everyone enjoy? Friendship.
Nothing that is so is so. 天下的事物，没有什么是怎样便是怎样。（天下的事物，没有什么看上去[表面上]怎样便是怎样。）Wisdom is knowledge returning home. 智慧就是寻根问底（径达要害，不为假象所迷惑）。知其然，而且知其所以然。
It’s expected. 这是常事。
Rome, as we all know, was not built in a day which was a step-by-step process involving many individuals.
我们大家都知道，罗马不是一天建立起来的，这是一个逐步完成的过程，一砖一瓦，少了谁也不行（少了其中的哪一个也不行）。
In the afternoon rush of the Grand Central Station his eyes had been refreshed by the sight of Miss Lily Bart.
在中央火车站午后的旅客洪流中，它一眼瞥见了丽莉·巴特小姐的身影，顿时觉得眼前清新，精神为之一振。Sickness and trouble: that’s what Ethan’s had his plate full with, ever since the very first helping.
疾病和祸害：这是伊坦的家常便饭，从他能吃饭时候算起。
从伊坦能吃饭起，疾病和祸害就成了他的家常便饭。
But the bay was as good as Frome’s word, and we pushed on to the Junction through the white, wild scene.
但是那老栗马不辜负弗洛美的话，我们在漫天风雪中终于到达车站。
Now, in the warm, lamp-lit room with all its ancient implications of conformity and order, she emed infinitely farther away from him and more unapproachable.
这会儿在温暖的有灯亮的屋子里头，自古以来的伦常和规矩好像都摆在这儿，他变得源源而不可接近。
She stood silent, her hands lying cold and relaxed in his.
她站在那儿不作声，她的手放在他的手里，冰冷的，一丝力气也没有。
She remained motionless, as if she had not heard him. Then she snatched her hands from his, threw her arms about his neck, and presd a sudden drenched cheek against his face.
她一动不动，好像没有听见他的话，过了一会儿，她挣脱了双手，一把抱住了他的脖子，把她的湿透了的脸蛋儿偎在他的脸上。
The sky, swollen with the clouds that announce a thaw, hung as low as before a summer storm.
天上涨满了预告融雪的云，只压倒人头顶上，向夏天里暴风雨之前一样。
They spoke in smothered whispers, as though the night were listening.
可爱用英语怎么说他们说话的声音低到不能再低，好像怕黑夜也在偷听。
The credit for the first vehicle to move under its own power has to be given to the Frenchman Nicholas Cugnot in 1769. It was a steam-powered tricycle with a huge boiler in front of the single front wheel (left). Becau of the weight on this single wheel, steering was very difficult. It was recorded that, on its first outing, it knocked down a wall. A reconstruction of this machine can be en at the Conrvatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris. With a top speed of 3km/h(2mph), it was never a success and there was no immediate development.
1769年问世的第一辆自力驱动的车辆，应该归功于法国人尼古拉·居纽。那是一辆蒸汽动力三轮车，但前轮前面安装了一个巨大的锅炉（见左图）。由于重量在单前轮，掌握方向困难重重。据记载，第
一次户外试车，它竟把一堵墙撞倒在地。这辆车的重建物现存于巴黎国立工艺博物馆内。该车最高时速每小时三公里（二英里），始终未获成功，因而当时没有即时发展。
Manet painted Olympia in 1863 but did not submit it for exhibition until 1865. Manet referred back to a well-known painting called V enus of Urbino painted by Titian in 138. Manet’s Olympia is a modern prostitute who is lf-possd and confident, unashamed of her nakedness. She looks directly at the viewer, thereby involving the viewer in the scene and placing the spectator in the role of client. This confrontation was shocking for the public who were ud to gazing on images of naked women safely portrayed as mythical goddess.
马奈于1863年画就《奥林匹亚》，但是直到1865年才送去参展。马奈显然参考了提香作于1538年的名画《乌比诺德维纳斯》。马奈画笔下的奥林匹亚是一名当代妓女，镇定而自信，对自己的裸体不以为羞。她的表情直逼观者，让观者感到身临现场，置于扮演嫖客角色的境地。公众看惯了神话女神被画成裸体女人的形象，这样的反差着实令人触目惊心。
Eleanor snored. She was nodding off, shamelessly, helplessly. There was an obscenity in unconsciousness, he thought. Her mouth was open; her head was on one side.
埃莉诺鼾声大作。她在打盹儿，没羞没臊，无可奈何。不知不觉的状况有一种淫态，他想。她的嘴巴
张着；脑袋歪到一边。
埃莉诺鼾声阵阵。她在打盹儿，顾不得羞臊，也管不住自己。她这么沉沉入睡的样子诱发人邪念顿生，他想。她的嘴巴张着；脑袋歪到一边。
I could not look on Death, which being known,Men led me to him, blindfold and lone.
恕我未能正视死亡，尽管当时惊险备尝，只因把握双眼蒙住，人们让我孤身前往。朱生豪
余译此书之宗旨，第一在求于最大可能之范围内，保持原作之神韵；必不得已而求其次，亦必以明白晓畅之字句，忠实传达原文之意趣，而于逐字逐句对照式之硬译，则未敢赞同。凡与原文中与中国语法不合之处，往往再四咀嚼，不惜全部更易原文之结构，务使作者之命意豁然呈露，不为晦涩之字句所掩蔽。每译一段竟，必先自拟为读者，查阅译文中有无暧昧不明之处。又必自拟为舞台上之演员，审辨语调之处是否顺口，音节之是否调和。一字一句之未惬，往往苦思累日。
翻译和阅读是两回事儿。或许十个句子你只读懂了五个甚至更少，但是你觉得有所获，这就行了，你可以接着往下阅读。但是翻译一个句子却完全是另一回事，不仅每个单词你都要翻译出来，一句话翻译出来还得像一个句子，有一个句子应有的质量。
Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which ems to be thrown into relief by poor dress.
布鲁克小姐的姿色，在素淡的衣衫衬托下，反而显得格外动人。
“Oh, nonn, mother! It’s nothing,” said Fred, putting out his hot dry hand to her, “I shall soon be all right. I must have taken cold in that nasty damp ride.”
“哦，不要大惊小怪，妈妈！这没有什么，”弗莱德说，向她伸出了又烫又干的手，“我马上就会好的。那天天气阴冷，我骑马出门，一定是着了凉。”
heavy的比较级和最高级
“Of cour it is,” said Will, impatiently. “But if you are to wait till we get a logical Bill, you must put yourlf forward as a revolutionist, and then Middlemarch would not elect you, I fancy. As for trimming, this is not a time for trimming.”
“事情当然是这样，”威尔不耐烦地说。“但如果你想等有了十全十美的法案再干，那你只好当革命家了，可到那时，米德尔马契就不会选举你。至于两面讨好，这可不是一个两面讨好的时代。”
One evening, when he took the pains to go to Middlemarch on purpo to have a chat with Lydgate as of old, he
noticed in him an air of excited effort quite unlike his usual easy way of keeping silence or breaking it with abrupt energy whenever he had anything to say.
一天晚上，他特地抽空前往米德尔马契，打算像过去那样，跟利德盖特谈谈。他发现，对方心事重重，跟平时完全不同，平时他总是悠闲自在，无话可说，便保持沉默，一旦想起什么，又会马上侃侃而谈，兴致勃勃。
discuss翻译多元论
1．文化内涵
同为世人，皇帝自称朕，王侯自称孤，高官称卿，一般官称大夫，小官称士，而庶民称布衣。同样是死亡，天子曰崩，诸侯曰薨，大夫曰卒，士曰不禄，庶人曰死。
faculty英语表示死亡的词语多达数十种，但也无能为力：die, perish, depart, suffer death, pass away, pass on, pass over, meet death, meet one’s coffin, leave this world, come to one’s end, be heard of no more, draw the last breath, go the way of all flesh, go to one’s glory, go from dust to dust, go west, be gathered to one’s fathers, sink into the grave, kick the bucket, toes up, turn up one’s toes.
2．英语中有大量植物词语具有文化意义：bud 表示“少女”、“少年”，blossom 表示“繁荣兴旺”，flora表示“花神”，lily表示“完美”、“高贵”，laurel 表示“荣誉”、“声望”，narcissus 表示“以美貌自夸的少年”，ro 表示“爱情”、“安乐”，apple 表示“宝贝”、“宠物”，cherry 表示“童男”、“童女”、“新兵”，bud 表示“
少女”、“少年”，nut 表示“怪人”、“疯子”，peach 表示“迷人的美女”、“出色的事物”，potato 表示“人”、“物”，tomato 表示“漂亮的美女”，cypress 表示“哀悼”，oak 表示“伟岸”、“长寿”，olive 表示“和平”，root 表示“根源”、“祖先”，trunk 表示“主要部分”、“主流”，branch 表示“支脉”、“分科”，limb 表示“骨干”、“爪牙”，leaf 表示“新生”。
3．“I’m better now”, said the girl, with the sweetest smile possible, taking good natured Mrs. Sedley’s extended hand and kissing it respectfully, “How kind you all are to me! All”, she added, with a laugh, “except you, Mr. Joph.”
“我现在感觉好多了”，姑娘说道，满脸甜甜的笑容，接过好心的塞特笠太太伸出的手恭敬地吻了一下，笑着又说道：“你们大家待我太好啦！所有的人都好，约瑟夫先生，就你怀”。
We whisper, and hint, and chuckle, and grin at a brother’s shame.
看到同伴那副羞愧的样子，我们大家有的窃窃私语，有的提醒暗示，有的暗自发笑，有的笑得合不拢嘴。4．J. R. Firth : Context includes not only spoken words, but facial expression, gestures, bodily activities, the whole group of people prent during an exchange of utterance, and the part of the environment in which the people are engaged, and to call the totality of the factors’ context of situation.
D. H. Hymes: SPEAKING
Setting refers to the time and place, that is, the physical t-up of the utterance or events.
Participants include combinations of speakers and listeners in various roles.
a of shoesEnds refer to the purpos of the activities and what participants ek to accomplish.
Act quence refers both to the form and the content of utterances, both to what is said and what is meant by the way it is said.
Key refers to the tone, manner, or spirit in which a participant message is conveyed rious or ironical, matter-of-fact or playful.
Instrumentalities refer to the choice of channel (oral or written), and of code(mother tongue, foreign language, or a mix of codes or code-switching).
Norms of interaction and interpretation refer to the way participants in the lesson interact and interpret what is said or what they are reading.
Genre refers to the type of oral or written activity.
The Flower Girl: Will ye-oo py me f’them?
The Daughter: Do nothing of the sort, mother. The idea!
卖花女：你肯给钱吗？（你们赔俺钱儿！）
女儿：一个子儿也别给。他想得倒美！
So out of tune with the world of nation-states was china that it did not even posss a ministry of foreign affair until as
late as 1858.
当时的中国与其他国家隔膜甚深，竟迟至1858年才建立一个主管外交事务的机构。
宝玉盘着腿，合着手，闭着眼，撅着嘴，道：“讲来”。
Bayou sat with his legs crosd, his hand folded, his eyes clod and his mouth pouting, saying: “Say as you plea.”
Dusk
Norman Gortsby sat on a at in the park. Hyde Park Corner, with its noi of traffic, lay immediately to the right. It was about thirty minutes past six on an early March evening, and dusk had fallen heavily over the scene, dusk with some faint moonlight and many street lamps. There was a wide emptiness over road and pavement, and yet there were many figures moving silently through the half-light, or sitting on ats and chairs.
bimp>神探夏洛克第五季The scene plead Gortsby and suited his mood. Dusk, in his opinion, was the hour of the defeated. Men and women, who had fought the battle of life and lost, who hid their dead hopes from the eyes of the curious, came out in this hour, when their old clothes and bent shoulders and unhappy eyes might pass unnoticed.
On the at by Gortsby’s side sat a rather old gentleman with a look of defiance that was probable the last sign of lf-respect in a man who had stopped defying successfully anybody or anything. As he ro to go Gortsby imagined him returning to a home where he was of no importance, or to some uncomfortable lodging where his ability to pay his weekly rent was the beginning and end of the interest which he caud.
黄昏
英语字典下载诺曼·高茨彼坐在公园的一条凳子上，右边就是海德公园角，周围车水马龙、喧嚣嘈杂。时值早春三月的一个傍晚，六点半钟光景，暮色沉沉、月光朦胧，街灯初上。马路和人行道上一片空旷，暝暝暮色中但见许多身影在默默地徘徊，还有些人在椅凳上端坐。
此时此景正合高茨彼的心境，他感到惬意。黄昏，在他看来，是属于失意者的；那些在人生的激流中纷争而又败下阵来的男男女女，此时走出家门，他们将破灭的希望深藏心底，以逃避使人好奇的目光。也正是此时，他们那褴褛的衣衫、佝偻的身躯，犹豫的神情才不致引起路人的注目。
高茨彼旁边坐着一位神情孤傲的老者。那神色或许是一位强者难以在与世抗争时留下的最后一丝自尊。老人起身离去时，高茨彼心想，老头是要回家了吧，在家里恐怕也是个多余的人，或许失去一个简陋的寓所，在那里，除了房东向他催要房租外，每人会对它感兴趣。
Father wed on the button in a violent manner, with vicious haulings and jabs. Mother said she couldn’t bear to e him-but she couldn’t bear to leave the room, either. She stood watching him, hypnotized and appalled, itching to w it herlf, and they talked at each other with vehemence.
父亲钉钮扣子使大劲，一拉一戳都好像对付仇人。母亲说她不忍看他-可她又不忍走开。她站在那儿看他缝，又惊又怕，手痒痒得很不得拿过来自己缝，两个人你数说我，我埋怨你。
Superordinate
身份证查四级成绩
Color
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Hyponym
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Gillette Sensor
The only razor that ns and adjusts to the individual needs of your face.
Gillette Sensor: the shave personalized to every man.
It starts with twin blades. Individually and independently mounted on highly responsive springs. So they continuously n and automatically adjust to the individual curves and unique needs of your fac e.
Innovation is everywhere. Y ou can feel it in the textured ridges and the balance of the Sensor razor. Y ou appreciate it in the easy loading system and the convenient shaving organizer.
Even rinsing is innovative. The new blades are 50% narrower than any others-allowing water to flow freely around and through them for effortless cleaning and rinsing.
All the Sensor technologies combine to give your individual face a personalized shave-the clost, smoothest, safest,
