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principle是什么意思广东外语外贸大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学复试笔试样题
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Section I Translate the following into Chine. (35%)
The 20th century-- the century of metamyths and of megadeaths -- spawned fal notions of total control, derived from arrogant asrtions of total righteousness. The religious man of pre-modem times, who accepted reality as God-ordained, had given way
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to the cular fanatic, increasingly inclined to usurp God in the effort to construct heaven on earth, subordinating not only nature but humanity itlf to his own utopian vision.
In the cour of the century, this vision was perverted into the most costly exerci of political hubris in mankind's history: the totalitarian attempt to create coercive utopias. All of reality -- on the objective level of social organization and on the subjective level of personal beliefs -- was to be subject to doctrinal control emanating from a single political center. The price paid in human lives for this excess is beyond comprehension.
Adding them all up, somewhere between 167 million and 175 million individual human beings were deliberately extinguished through politically motivated carnage -- the scores of millions of soldiers and civilians killed in the century's wars, the further scores of millions killed in concentration camps, gulags, forced collectivization, ethnic transplantings, and killing fields decreed by lf-deified dictators.
The tens of millions that were killed becau they were perceived, for racial or social reasons, as unworthy of living within the earthly utopia -- and the many millions more that
were coerced into living within the systems -- all testify to the hypnotic appeal of the metamyths of Nazism that postulated the end of history and the attainment of perfection within utopias of total control.
The manifest failure of that endeavor has given way in the West to the current antithesis, which is esntially that of minimal control over personal and collective desires, xual appetites, and social conduct. But inherent in the almost total rejection of any control is the notion that all values are subjective and relative.nexuss
In brief, this century has en mankind move from experimentation with the coercive utopia of totalitarianism to enjoyment of the permissive cornucopia of today's America.
(word count: 347)
Note:
megadeath: [U] a word meaning one million deaths, ud when talking about a nuclear war
usurp: v [T]formal to take someone el's power, position, job etc when you do not have the right to
hubris: n [U] literary great and unreasonable pride
coerce:paradoxically v [T] to force someone to do something they do not want to do by threatening them
cornucopia: n 1 a decorative container in the shape of an animal's horn, full of fruit and flowers, ud to reprent plenty 2 a lot of good things
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-- From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
II. Translate the following into English. (25%)
气象台想说真话
某年某月某日，气象台预报天气：B市今日晴转阴，气温27℃至32℃。王老与张老两人相约上午在郊外公园赏玩，途中，忽暴雨如注，两老人急忙至凉亭避雨，然步履蹒跚，上下
衣裳均被淋湿，脾气暴躁之王老喟然长叹：目前说真话的单位太少，连气象台也不说真话。生性随和的张老云：气象台还是想说真话的单位，只不过有时说不准罢了，我认为想说真话而不能说准的总比睁眼说假话的好。
(word count 181)
III. Comment in English on the translation provided below using any translation theory or theories you are familiar with. (40 % )
ST：
Books美国高中留学费用
1) Since a particular bookstore happens to remble a supermarket anyway, the inescapable, though perhaps unintended, message is that books are consumable items, meant to be devoured and forgotten, like potatoes or pizza.
2) The implied inclusion of books among the world's perishable goods is hardly made mor
e agreeable by the reflection that increasing numbers of books the days do em to be written with just such consumption in mind, and that most bookstores have become little more than news stands for hard cover publications of this sort, which are merchandid for a few weeks—sometimes only as long as they remain on the best-ller lists - and are then retired to discount store (tho jumbled graveyards of books, so saddening to the hearts of authors) shortly before dropping out of print altogether.
