PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS AND EPONYMS
Allen’s Test: (See Chapter 13, page 246.)
Apley’s Test: Determination of meniscal tear in the knee by grinding the joint manually
Argyll–Robertson Pupil: Bilaterally small, irregular, unequal pupils that react to accommodation
but not to light. Seen with tertiary syphilis
Austin Flint Murmur: Late diastolic mitral murmur; associated with aor1ic insufficiency
with a normal mitral valve
Babinski’s Sign: Extension of the large toe with stimulation of the plantar surface of the
foot instead of the normal flexion; indicative of upper motor neuron dia (normal in neonates)
Bainbridge’s Reflex: Incread heart rate due to incread right atrial pressure
Battle’s Sign: Ecchymosis behind the ear associated with basilar skull fractures.
Beau’s Lines: Transver depressions in nails due to previous systemic dia
Beck’s Triad: JVD, diminished or muffled heart sounds, and decread blood pressure associated
with cardiac tamponadehas和have的用法
Bell’s Palsy: Lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve affecting muscles of upper and lower face. Easily distinguished from upper motor lesions, which affect predominately muscles of lower face since upper motor neurons from each side innervate muscles on
both sides of the upper face
Bergman’s Triad: Altered mental status, petechiae, and dyspnea associated with fat embolus syndrome
Biot’s Breathing: Seen with brain injury; abruptly alternating apnea and equally deep breaths
Bisferious Pul: A double-peaked pul en in vere chronic aortic insufficiency
Bitot’s Spots: Small scleral white patches suggesting vitamin A deficiency
Blumberg’Sign: Pain felt in the abdomen when steady constant pressure is quickly relead. Seen with peritonitis
Blumer’s Shelf: Hardness palpable on rectal examination due to metastatic cancer of the rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) or rectovesical pouch
海文考研网Bouchard’s Nodes: Hard, nontender, painless nodules in the dorsolateral aspects of the proximal interphalangeal joints associated with osteoarthritis. Results from hypertrophy
of the bone
Branham’s Sign: With large AV fistulas, abrupt slowing of the heart rate with compression
of the feeding artery
Brudzinski’s Sign: Flexion of the neck causing flexion of the hips in meningitis Chadwick’s Sign: Bluish color of cervix and vagina, en with pregnancy
instead ofChandelier’s Sign: Extreme pain elicited with movement of the cervix during bimanual pelvic examination. Indicates PID
Charcot’s Triad: Right upper quadrant pain, fever (chills), and jaundice associated with cholangitis
Cheyne–Stokes Respiration: Repeating cycle of a gradual increa in depth of breathing followed by a gradual decrea to apnea; en with CNS disorders, uremia, some normal sleep patterns
Chvostek’s Sign: Tapping over the facial nerve caus facial spasm in hypocalcemia (tetany). May be normal finding in some patients
Corrigan’s Pul: A palpable hard pul immediately followed by sudden collap, en in aortic regurgitation
Cullen’s Sign: Ecchymosis around the umbilicus associated with vere intraperitoneal bleeding. Seen with ruptured ectopic pregnancy and hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Cushing’s Triad: Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration associated with incread
intracranial pressure
Darier’s Sign: Stroking of the skin caus erythema and edema in mastocytosis
Doll’s Eyes: Conjugated movement of eyes in one direction as head is briskly turned in the other direction in comato patients. Tests oculocephalic reflex indicating intact brain
stem
Drawer Sign: Forward (or backward) movement of the tibia with pressure, indicating laxity or a tear in the anterior (or posterior) cruciate ligament
Dupuytren’s Contracture: Proliferation of fibrosis tissue of the palmar fascia resulting in contracture of the fourth and/or fifth digits, which is often bilateral. May be heredit ary
or en in patients with chronic alcoholic liver dia or izures
Duroziez’s Sign: Found in aortic regurgitation a “to and fro”murmur when stethoscope is presd over the femoral artery
Electrical Alternans: Beat to beat variation in the electrical axis, en in large pericardial effusions, suggests impending hemodynamic compromi
Ewart’s Sign: Dullness to percussion, incread fremitus and bronchial breathing beneath the angle of the left scapula found with pericardial effusion
Fong Lesion/Syndrome: Autosomal-dominant anomalies of the nails and patella associated
with renal abnormalities
Frank’s Sign: Fissure of the ear lobe; may be associated with CAD, diabetes, and hypertension
总统辩论Gibbus: Angular convexity of the spine due to vertebral collap; associated with osteoporosis
or metastasis
Gregg’s Triad: Cataracts, heart defects, and deafness with congenital rubella
Grey Turner’s Sign: Ecchymosis in the flank associated with retroperitoneal hemorrhage Grocco’s Sign: Triangular area of paravertebral dullness, opposite side of a pleural effusion Heberden’s Nodes: Hard, nontender, painless nodules on the dorsolateral aspects of the distal interphalangeal joints associated with osteoarthritis. Results from hypertrophy of
the bone
Hegar’s Sign: Softening of the distal uterus. Reliable early sign of pregnancy
Hellenhorst’s Plaque: A cholesterol plaque on retina en on funduscopic examination associated
奖杯英文with amaurosis fugax
Hill’s Sign: Femoral artery pressure 20 mm Hg greater than brachial pressure en in vere aortic regurgitation
Hoffmann’s Sign/Reflex: Flicking of the volar surface of the distal phalanx causing fingers
to flex; associated with pyramidal tract dia
Homans’Sign: Calf pain with forcible dorsiflexion of the foot, associated with venous thrombosis
Horner’s Syndrome: Unilateral miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis (abnce of sweating). From destruction of ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion often from lung carcinoma, especially squamous cell carcinoma
Janeway’s Lesion: Erythematous or hemorrhagic lesion en on the palm or sole with subacute
bacterial endocarditis
四级几分过Joffroy’s Reflex: I nability to wrinkle the forehead when patient asked to bend head and
look up, en in hyperthyroidism
Kayr–Fleischer Ring: Brown pigment lesion due to copper deposition en in Wilson’s dia
Kehr’s Sign: Left shoulder and left upper quadrant pain associated with splenic rupture Kernig’s Sign: When the thigh is flexed at a right angle, complete extension of the leg is not possible becau of inflammation of the meninges; en with meningitis
Koplik’s Spots: White papules on buccal mucosa opposite molars en in measles Korotkoff’s Sounds: Low-pitched sounds resulting from vibration of the artery, detected when obtaining a blood pressure using the bell of the stethoscope. The last Korotkoff
霍华德庄园
sound may be a more accurate estimate of the true diastolic blood pressure than the diastolic blood pressure obtained using the diaphragm.
Kussmaul’s Respiration: Deep, rapid respiratory pattern en in coma or DKA
Kussmaul’s Sign: Paradoxical ri in the jugular venous pressure on inspiration in constrictive pericarditis or COPD
1 History and Physical Examination 25
Kyphosis: Excessive rounding of the thoracic spinal convexity, associated with aging, especially
in women
Lague’s Sign/Straight-Leg-Raising Sign: The patient is extended in the supine position and rais the leg gently. Pain in the distribution of nerve root suggests sciatica.
Levine’s Sign: Clenched fist over the chest while describing chest pain; associated with angina and AMI
Lhermitte’s Sign: In MS, neck flexion results in a “shock nsation.”
List: Lateral tilt of the spine, frequently associated with herniated disk and muscle spasm Lordosis: Accentuated normal concavity of the lumbar spine, normal in pregnancy
Louvel’s Sign: Coughing or sneezing caus pain in the leg with DVT
Marcus–Gunn Pupil: Dilation of pupils with swinging flashlight test. Results from unilateral optic nerve dia. Normal pupillary respon is elicited when light is directed解释英文
from the normal eye and a subnormal respon when light is quickly directed from the normal eye into the abnormal eye. When light is directed into the abnormal eye, both
pupils dilate rather than maintain the previous degree of miosis.
McBurney’s Point/Sign: Point located one-third of the distance from the anterior superior
iliac spine to the umbilicus on the right; tenderness at the site is associated with acute appendicitis.
McMurray’s Test: External rotation of the foot produces a palpable or audible click on the joint line, suggesting medial meniscal injuries
Mobius’Sign:Weakness of convergence en in thyrotoxicosis
穿井得一人翻译Moro’s Reflex (Startle Reflex): Abduction of hips and arms with extension of arms when infant’s head and upper body is suddenly dropped veral inches while being held. Normal reflex in early infancy
Murphy’s Sign: Severe pain and inspiratory arrest with palpation of the right upper quadrant during deep inspiration; associated with cholecystitis
Must’s or de Must’s Sign: Rhythmic nodding or movement of the head with each heart beat caud by blood flow back into the heart in aortic insufficiency
Obturator Sign: Flexion and internal rotation of the thigh elicits hypogastric pain in cas
of inflammation of the obturator internus; positive with pelvic abscess and appendicitis Ortolani’s Test/Sign: Sign is hip click that suggests congenital hip dislocation. With the infant supine, point the legs toward you and flex the legs to 90 degrees at the hips and
knees.
Osler’s Node: Tender, red, raid lesions on the hands or feet en with SBE.
Pancoast’s Syndrome: Carcinoma involving apex of lung, resulting in arm and or shoulder pain from involvement of brachial plexus and Horner’s syndrome from involvement of
游褒禅山记翻译the superior cervical ganglion
Pastia’s Lines: Linear striations of confluent petechiae in axillary folds are antecubital
fossa en in scarlet fever
Phalen’s Test: Prolonged maximum flexion of wrists while opposing dorsum of each hand against each other. A positive test results in pain and tingling in the distribution of the median nerve, indicating carpal tunnel syndrome
Psoas Sign (Iliopsoas Test): Flexion against resistance or extension of the right hip, producing
pain; en with inflammation of the psoas muscle; positive with appendicitis.
Pulsus Alternans: Fluctuation of pul pressure with every other beat. Seen in aortic stenosis and CHF
Queckenstedt’s Test: Tests patency of the subarachnoid space; compression of the internal jugular vein during lumbar puncture; should normally immediately rai CSF pressure
26 Clinician’s Pocket Reference, 9th Edition
Quincke’s Sign: Alternating blushing and blanching of the fingernail bed following light compression; en in chronic aortic regurgitation
Radovici’s Sign: A frontal relea sign, scratching palm caus chin contractions Raynaud’s Phenom
enon/Dia: Pain and tingling in fingers after exposure to cold with characteristic color changes of white to blue and then often red. May be en with scleroderma,
and SLE
Romberg’s Test: Ud to test position n or cerebellar function. The patient stands with
