（原文）
加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
温哥华（V ancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。
（参考译文）
In 1986, V ancouver, Canada, just marked its centennial anniversary, but the achievements made by the city in its urban development have already captured worldwide attention. To build up a city and model its economy on the basis of a harbor is the usual practice that port cities resort to for their exis
tence and development. After a century's construction and development, V ancouver, which boasts of a naturally-formed ice-free harbor, has become an internationally celebrated port city, operating regular ocean liners with Asia, Oceania, Europe and Latin America. Its annual cargo-handling capacity reaches 80 million tons, with one third of the city's employed population engaged in trade and transportation business.
The glorious achievements of V ancouver is the crystallization (fruition) of the wisdom (intelligence) and the industry of the V ancouver people as a whole, including the contributions made by a diversity of ethnic minorities. Canada is a large country with a small population. Although its territory is bigger than that of China, it only has a population of less than 30 million people. Conquently, to attract and to accept foreign immigrants have become a national policy long obrved by Canada. It can be safely asrted that, except for Indians, all Canadian citizens are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have ttled in Canada. V ancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. At prent, among the 1.8 million V ancouver residents, half of them are not native-born and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chine there have played a decisive role in facilitating the transformation of the Vancouver economy. Half of them have come to ttle in V ancouver only over the past five years, making V ancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chine concentrate.
shirley temple
徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人烟稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名
organic food山，反复观察变换的奇景。
（参考译文）
During his lifetime, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 provinces. He left his footsteps in virtually every part of the country. In the process of conducting his surveys and investigations, he would never blindly embrace the conclusions recorded in previous documents. Instead, he discovered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many aspects. In order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he ldom traveled by ship or by wagon. He climbed over mountains and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on foot. In order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in tho mountain areas where roads were difficult to travel and in tho woods that were sparly populated. In this way he discovered many marvelou
四级英语答案distinctionss mountains and beautiful scenes. He frequently cho different times and asons of the year to make repeated visits to the famous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated obrvations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year round.
Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chine
滑翔的意思
（原文）
In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may em thin in the modern, cularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.
In addition, one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border(接壤、相近)with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy(使…忙(有事干) the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increa the number of children on the assumption(设想、假设consumption 消费) that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined(突出、显现) by its conver(反面、相反): in some societies the failure to bear children(养孩子) (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cau for divorce.
珠海教育
Beyond all that(除了这些)is the profound(深刻的、深远的) significance of children to the very institution(结构) of the family itlf. To many people, husband and wife alone do not em a proper family(完整的) —they need children to enrich the circle(丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子), to validate(使…有效) its family character(家族的特征、风格), to gather(增加、集合) the redemptive(赎回的, 用于补偿的)influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family ems also to need children, as the social institution(社会结构)uniquely(唯一) available, at least in principle, for (获得)curity, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home ba, in the literal n, needs more than one person for sustenance(生计) and in generational extension(家族的繁衍).
（参考译文）
在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢心，使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福，惟系于此。这一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女（或无法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可构成一种威胁，并可作为
离婚的一个顺理成章的（或现成的）缘由。
anhua除了所有这一切以外，还有一个原因，那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义。对许多人来说，夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭--夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。作为一种社会体制，家庭以其特有的方式，至少从原则上说，可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障，以及价值取向。于大多数人而言，这样的一个家庭基.
Though fond of many acquaintances，I desire an intimacy only with a few. The Man in Black，whom I have often mentioned，is one who friendship I could wish to acquire，becau he posss my esteem. His manners，it is true，are tinctured with some strange inconsistencies，and he may be justly termed a humorist in a nation of humorists. Though he is generous even to profusion，he affects to be thought a prodigy of parsimony and prudence；though his conversation be replete with the most sordid and lfish maxims，his heart is dilated with the most unbounded love. I have known him profess himlf a man-hater，while his cheek was glowing with compassion；and，while his looks were softened into pity，I have heard him u the language of the most unbounded il
l-nature. Some affect humanity and tenderness，others boast of having such dispositions from Nature；but he is the only man I ever knew who emed ashamed of his natural benevolence. He takes as much pains to hide his feelings，as any hypocrite would to conceal his indifference；but on every unguarded moment the mask drops off，and reveals him to the most superficial obrver.
（译文）
尽管我喜欢广交朋友，但我只愿与为数不多的几人成为至交。我所提及的那位黑衣男士，就是那样一个我希冀与其成为莫逆之交的人，因为他深得我的景仰。诚然，其行为举止不乏某些怪异的出尔反尔，他全然可被称为幽默家王国中的幽默大师。虽然他慷慨大方，乃至奢靡无度，但他仍假惺惺地希望人们将其视作节俭与审慎之奇才。尽管其言谈之中满是污秽和自私的格言，其内心却充盈着最博大无际的爱心。据我所知，他常宣称自己是人类憎恶者；然而，他的脸庞上却总漾溢着怜悯之情。虽然其神情会柔化为一片慈悲，我却听到过他使用最为恶劣的言辞，其恶劣程度可谓无以复加。有些人佯装人道与柔情，也有一些人则夸耀说
这样的秉性乃天性使然。但在我所有认识的人当中，唯有他似乎羞耻于其与生俱有的慈悲之心。他会竭力掩饰其真情，一如任何一个伪君子会掩饰其冷漠那样。然则，在每一个毫无防范的瞬间，那戴着的假面具便会脱落下来，使其毕露于哪怕是最为肤浅的观察者。
有关圣诞节的电影
Four months before Election Day 1,five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically derted 3 . Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4 . Their aim was to devi a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a cond term in the White Hou.
It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itlf was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11 . Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America —a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12 .
【概述】
本文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。翻译这类文章时，伸缩性较大，适宜文采的容忍度较大。翻译中涉及被动语态译法、转译法等。
【翻译要点评析】
Election Day ：美国的总统“选举日”。
Reagan-Bush headquarters ：里根—布什竞选总部。
the rest of the office was practically derted ：“dert ”意为离弃、放弃，此句为被动表达方式，翻译时如不特别强调施动者，一般译为主动句，即“其他办公室几乎没有人”。西南科技大学网络教育学院
critical meeting ：“critical ”有“批评的、危机的、决定性的”意思，此处
为“决定性的”，
译为“重要会议”。
devi a strategy ：“devi ”意为“想出、设计、发明”，此处根据“strategy ”一词译为“制定策略”。
beloved什么意思
battle-tested veterans ：久经沙场的老将；在战场上受过考验的老将。
presidential politics ：总统竞选的套路。
backdrop ：意为背景、大环境，此处译为“条件”。
the campaign itlf was lavishly financed ：该句为被动句，翻译时应该转为主动语态，即“这次竞选筹到了充裕的资金”。
a top-flight staff ：top-flight=best, first rate, staff 此处指“竞选班子”。
a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communicatio n skills ：此句为名词性短语，作Ronald Reagan 的同位语，若直译即“一位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。”但考虑到中文不易用修饰成份过长的表达方式，可将此同位语转译为一个单独的句子，即“他极具个人魅力，精通沟通技巧。”
a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government ：译法同上，可转译“国家军事力量复兴，国人积极进取，政府机构精简。”
【参考译文】
离选举日还有四个月，五个人聚集在里根—布什竞选总部的一个小型会议室里，看着一张硕大的日历，1984 年总统竞选剩下的日子清晰地标了出来。这是六月份的最后一个星期六，早晨10 点，其他办公室几乎无人。即使这样，他们仍紧闭大门，严拉窗帘。三个主要人物和两个副手从全国各地赶来，聚在这里召开一个重要会议，旨在制定出一套策略，以确保里根再次当选总统，入主白宫。
再次当选应该不是件难事。他们久经沙场，跟随里根多年，为共和党干的时间更长，没有谁比他们更熟悉总统竞选那一套儿。另外，竞选条件也十分有利，很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美国上下一片和平，经济这一永恒的竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，足以支付一流竞选班子、巡回演讲以及电视广告的费用。最重要的是，他们的候选人是罗纳德·里根，他极具个人魅力，精通沟通技巧。自约翰· F ·肯尼迪总统以来，里根最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图：国家军事力量复兴，国人积极进取，政府机构精简。
