连词的语法解析〔一〕
一、概说
连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子不单独用作句子成分.连接按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词.并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句<主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等>和状语从句<时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等>,引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, becau, since, if 等.
二、并列连词的用法
1. and的用法
<1> 表示联合,意为"和〞、"又〞、"而且〞：
We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫.
I woke up and got out of bed. 我醒了就起床了.
He played the piano and she sang. 他弹钢琴,她唱歌.
<2> 有时用于连接两个相同的词语,表示事物连续性：
The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快.
We waited for hours and hours. 我们一直等了好几个小时.
The boys laughed and laughed. 这些孩子笑个不停.
注：但有时连接两个相同名词表示不同的质量和种类：
we are one什么意思There are dictionaries and dictionaries. 词典很多,有好有坏.
Don’t worry—there are rules and rules. 别担心——规则与规则不一样.
<3> 在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的,大致相当于不定式符号 to：
Come and have tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶.
We ought to stop and think. 我们应该停下来想一想.
<4> 有时用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为"那么〞：
Work hard and you’ll succeed. 努力干吧,你会成功的.
Arrive late once more and you’re fired. 你再迟一次,你就会被开除.
比较：If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 如果你努力干,你会成功的.
<5> 有时表示对比<有类似but的意思>：
He is rich, and <yet> leads a modest life. 他很富有,但却过着朴素的生活.
运动员代表讲话Robert is cretive and David is candid. 罗伯特深藏不露,而戴维则有啥说啥.
<6> 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后,表示"很〞,"挺〞：
It’s nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快.
The book is good and expensive. 这本书很贵.
2. or的用法
<1> 表示选择
Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？
Do you want a bath at once, or shall I have mine first? 是你马上洗澡,还是我先洗？
just about enough
<2> 表示一种否定的条件
名词
Get up or you’ll be late for school. 起床吧,否则你上学会迟到了.
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the last bus. 快点,要不你会赶不上最后一班车.
注：第一句的or等于if you don’t get up now,第二句的or等于if you don’t hurry up.此时的or也可换成or el或otherwi.
3. but的用法
but主要用于表示转折：
They are poor but proud. 他们人穷志不穷.
He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不够小心,但开得很慢.
He tried but without success. 他努力了但没有成功.
[注]不要按汉语意思将"虽然…但是…〞直译为although…but…：
误：Though we are poor, but we are happy. <去掉though或but中任一个>
4. yet的用法世界史复习提纲
与but一样,yet也主要用于转折：
It is strange yet true. 这很奇怪,却是真的.
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要尝试.
注：有时可与并列连词and或but连用,构成习语and yet和but yet,且两者大致同义<均相当于表转折的but>：
钢铁侠3英文版
She drove very fast to the airport, but [yet, and yet, but yet] she misd the plane. 她开快车去机场,可还是误了飞机.
5. for的用法
for主要用于表示理由：
He must be out, for there is no light in the room. 他准是出去了,因为屋里没有灯.
She does not go out in the winter, for she feels the cold a great deal. 她冬天不出门,因为他特别怕冷.
[注]for表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用.
6. so的用法
so主要用于表结果：
There were no bus, so I came by bicycle. 没有公共汽车,所以我就骑自行车来了.
The door was locked, so we couldn’t get in. 门上锁了,所以我们进不去.
It was dark, so I couldn’t e what was happening. 天很黑,所以我看不见发生了什么事.
I’m off on holiday, so I won’t be eing you for a bit. 我要外出度假,所以有一段时间我就见不着你了.
[注]<1> 有时可与并列连词and连用,构成习语and so<相当so>：获得英语
He told me to do it and so I did it. 他叫我那么做,所以我就做了.
<2> 不要按汉语意思将"因为…所以…〞直译为becau…so…：
误：Becau we were ill, so he couldn’t come. <去掉becau或so中任意一个>
7. both…and…的用法
其意为"…和…都〞、"不但…而且…〞、"既…又…〞：
She both speaks and writes Japane. 她不仅会说日语,而且还会写.
He spoke with both kindness and understanding. 他说话既亲切又明事理.
[注]作为关联并列连词,它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词.另外,若连接两个成分作主语时,谓语要用复数.
8. either…or…的用法
其意为"要么…要么…〞、"不是…就是…〞：
Either come in or go out. 要么进来,要么出去.
I want to visit either Paris or London. 我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下.
Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well. 不是他没讲清楚,就是我没听明白.
[注]通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词.若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：
You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行,喝咖啡也行.
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错,就是我错.
9. neither…nor…的用法
其意为"既不…也不…〞、"…和…都不〞：
I have neither time nor money. 我既无时间又无钱.
I neither smoke nor drink. 我既不抽烟也不喝酒.
He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事不闻不问.
This is neither my fault nor yours. 这既不怪我,也不怪你.
[注]通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词.若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：英语培训价格迈格森
Mary neither likes maths nor <likes> history. 玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史.
stationery是什么意思
Neither Jim and Jack was at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家.
但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数：
Neither Jim and Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家.
10. not only…but also…的用法
其意为"不但…而且…〞：
Not only men but also women were chon. 选中的不仅有男的也有女的.
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read. 他不仅读过这本书,而且还记得书中的内容.
[注]该结构中的also有时可省略,或与but分开用,或用too, as well代之<位于句末>：剑桥少儿英语歌曲
Not only is he funny, but he is witty too [as well]. 他不但风趣,而且也很机智.
若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：
