“for”和时间名词搭配的惯用法
Unit 19课文中有两个句子:
For a whole year,black peoplerefud to take the city bus.
His own hou was destroy ed and for some time his life was in danger.
两个句子中的“for +时间名词(短语)”都是用来表示一种“时间的长度”作状语,表明某种行为状态延续的期限。这种“for...”的搭配有一些值得注意的惯用法。本文拟作些归纳分析。
一、用来和泛指的定量或不定量的时间名词短语连用。其特点是,时间名词短语通常有不定冠词a,形容词性限定词some,many, a few以及定量数词two,three等限定,其位置可置于句首、句中或句末,置于句中时,常用逗号使前后分离。可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句。(本文所引例句便属这种用法)再如:
儿童科普知识
potHe stayedin Belgium for a few years,then he went to France.
loadout
For two monthsSmith had lived alone there.
He was,for a short time,ambassa dor to France.
I haven't spokento her for two months.
要提醒注意的是:这种结构中的f or不论在肯定句还是否定句中,一般都不可省略,但有些特殊情况与之有关,不能不附带提说:
(1)for a time在没有形容词修饰,如for a short time,for a long time等,常具有“一下子,一时,暂时”的特殊意义。如:
I didn't know what to say for a time.
(2)持续时间若直接置于某些动词之后时,有时“for”可以省略。如:
The lightsstill burned,and she stood(for) a moment.
The meeting lasted(for)two hours.
We stayed(for)a week.
(3)当名词短语有限定词all,one等限定时,表持续时间,不再用“for”。如:
Wait one moment,plea!They workedall day.
“How long”作特殊疑问词前也不需用“for”。
artistic是什么意思>bayer
How long(For how long)do you think you'll be gone?
(4)在否定句中,没有“for”的“not...+时间长度”结构,和“not...+for+时间长度”是两种完全不同的结构。没有“for”的结构中,“not”总是转移否定其时间长度。表示“……还不到(多少时间)”,实际上是一种特指否定的含义。如:
He didn't sleep two hours.(他睡觉还不足两小时。)
试比较:He didn't sleep for two hours.(他两个小时没有睡觉了。)
换句话说:“not...+for+时间长度”结构中的“for”绝不可省略,否则会完全歪曲原意。同样“not...+时间长度”结构中也不可添加“for”,否则会使句意变得十分荒谬。如:
She had not been married many weeks...她结婚还不到几周……
She had not been married for manywee ks...她有好几周没有结婚了……(×)
二、和某些有特指限定词如the,one's, this,that等限定的时间名词短语连用,表示行为状态只在该
时间限度内延续。若该时间长度短促,则常具有“一时,暂时”等意。接近于前面提到的“for a tim e”。如for this year, for that month,for the night,for the prent, for the moment,for the time being,for the cond,for one's life等。
Her tempera ture had been normalfor the last five weeks.
For that day,at least,he lost heart.
All the cheaper ats were filledfor the night.
You can have it open for the moment.
河北省学位英语考试这种“for”一般也不可省略。除非有one, all等限定词修饰。archangel
三、有一些表示时间长度的“for...”短语,具有特殊结构,其后不是名词(词组),而是转化作名词用的形容词、副词等。如for good(and all)长期地,永久地;for long很长时期,很久;for ever (and ever)永远地,老是; for once平生第一,总算有一回,等等。
Are you here for good(and all)?
He didn't speak for long.
fabrication
I shall love her for ever and ever.
For once,I have got Saturda y afterno on free.
四、和“the +序数词+tim e”连用,表示“第……次”。如:
I went there for the first time last May.
She has won the game for the third time.
这种“for...”连接的是“第一次”或“最后一次”时,通常不可省略。另如:
She has won the prize for the last time.
但若是其他居中间次数,有时可以省略。如:
I am askingthat questio n(for)the third time.
ome 103五、“for a moment”用于否定句中时,具有一种加强否定的作用。常可表示“一刻也不……,一点儿也不……,绝不……”之意。如:
Don't think for a momentthat I blame you.
有时,可将“not for a moment”结合在一起提前置于句首位置,更显强调。不过,句中主谓应取倒装语序。如:祈使句反义疑问句
Not for a momentwould I suggest that you did it deliber ately.