2021-2022学年江苏省镇江市五校联考高二（上）第一次质检英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
genreSix annoying "facts" people have to finally stop believing in Walt Disney did not create Mickey Mou.
His clo friend and collaborator Ub Iwerks did,though he was "denied credit" for creating this major piece of pop culture history.Iwerks came up with the character in 1928.
puncherAlbert Einstein never flunked a math class as a child.
When the adult Einstein was shown a newspaper article claiming he had,he replied,"Before I was 15，I had mastered differential and integral calculus（微积分）." While Einstein achieved high grades throughout his childhood education,he "hated the strict protocols followed by teachers and rote learning demanded of students" at the schools he attended.
Napoleon Bonaparte was not short.
Despite the fact that his name has become synonymous with "angry short man," Napoleon
Bonaparte was actually of average height for the time period in which he lived.His contemporaries described him as being 5'2"，but the French measured height differently back in the day,so he was actually around 5'5".That made him just "an inch or so below the period's average adult male height."
Isaac Newton didn't discover gravity becau an apple struck him on the head.
toddlerRather,he witnesd an apple falling and wondered why objects always fall down instead of up or sideways,a thought that inspired his Law of Universal Gravitation.
Bats are not blind.
No,bats are not blind.Bats have small eyes with very nsitive vision,which helps them e in conditions we might consider pitch black.They don't have the sharp and colorful vision humans have,but they don't need that.
Black holes.
Not really "holes," but rather hugely den objects with massive gravitational pull.
1.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ ______
A. Unable to achieve high grades at school,Einstein hated the rigid rules.
B. Bats have small eyes but with the same sharp and colorful vision as humans.
C. Newton discovered gravity out of curiosity but by accident.
D. Black holes are huge objects with massive gravitational push.
2.The text is written here in order to ______ .
A. beginner是什么意思prent some common beliefs.
B. clarify some popular myths.
C. 大立教育relate some interesting stories.
D. list some historical facts.
3.Which ction of a magazine may this text be found in？ ______
A. Entertainment. B. History.
C. Education. D. Popular science.
B
We all know that a healthy life means getting both plenty of exerci and enough good-quality sleep,but reality often gets in the way.The new rearch indicates that doing enough exerci could make up for some of the unhealthy impacts of bad sleep.While the health benefits of exerci and sleep are nothing new,it's the relationship between them that is interesting in this particular study — it could even give doctors another option to suggest for patients dealing with sleep problems.
"We found tho who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercid the least were most at risk of death from heart dia,stroke,and cancer," says epidemiologist Bo-Huei Huang,from the University of Sydney in Australia.
watermelon怎么读Participants were grouped into three levels of physical activity（high,medium or low）and were also given a sleep quality score from 0-5 bad on the amount of shut-eye they got,how late they stayed up,insomnia,snoring and daytime sleepiness.
Tho with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart dia during the study period were tho with the worst quality sleep and who didn't meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exerci.That risk went down for people with poor quality sleep but who did
meet the exerci guidelines.
In the ca of all forms of cancer,for example,tho at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exerci scale had a 45 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than tho with good sleep scores who kept physically active.However,that risk just about disappeared for tho who didn't score well on sleep but did score well on physical activity.
For now it's not clear why more exerci might make up for poor sleep,as far as our health goes.It could be that the incread activity is counteracting inflammation（炎症），or reducing irregularities in gluco metabolism,suggest the rearchers.
"Considering that physical activity is perhaps more modifiable than sleep,our study offers people more health incentives to be physically active." says population health rearcher Emmanuel Stamatakis,from the University of Sydney.
4.This rearch is of particular interest in that ______ .
A. it's in this study that exerci is known to be beneficial to sleep.
常用英语口语1000句B. this study offers people more health treatments to be physical active.
C. it could enable doctors to cure patients of their sleeping condition.
D. the relationship between exerci and sleep is updated in this study.
5.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ ______
A. Tho who had the poorest sleep quality were most at risk of death from heart dia.
B. Tho scoring lowest on sleep and exerci scale were more likely to die from cancer.
C. There's no risk of cancer for tho who didn't sleep well but did score well on physical activity.
D. It's evident that in terms of health more exerci could make up for poor sleep.
6.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 mean？ ______
A. interacting B. increasing C. preventing D. causing
7.Where can this passage most probably be taken from？ ______
A. A rearch findings report.
B. A medical examination report.
C. danielle lloydA poor sleep study report.
D. A physical activity study report.
C
希腊字母读音表A growing body of rearch is revealing associations between birth defects（缺陷）and a father's age,alcohol u and environmental factors,say rearchers at Georgetown University Medical Center.They say the defects result from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.
The study,published in the American Journal of Stem Cells,suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring---a common n conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate,says the study's nior investigator,Joanna Kitlinska,PhD，an associate professor in biochemistry,and molecular and cellular biology.
"We know the nutritional,hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mothe
r permanently influences organ structure,cellular respon and gene expression in her offspring," she says.
"But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers— his lifestyle,and how old he is,can be reflected in molecules that control gene function," she says. "In this way,a father can affect not only his immediate offspring,but future generations as well."
For example,a newborn can be diagnod with fetal（胎儿的）alcohol spectrum disorder（FASD），occupy什么意思even though the mother has never consumed alcohol,Kitlinska says. "Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics,suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring."
Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain dias,and birth defects in his children.A limited diet during a father's preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren.Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells,changes in metabolic regulation,diabetes,obesity and development of brain cancer.Psychosocial stress on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring.And paternal alcohol u leads to decread newborn birt
h weight,marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.
"This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations," Kitlinska says. "And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child,we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects,as oppod to considering each in isolation."
