跨文化语用失误的分析
The Analysis Of Pragmatic Failures
In Cross-cultural Communicationevolve
forthwith
1.Introduction
电影剧本下载
With the globalization of the contemporary economy and society, intercultural communication becomes more and more frequent. However, different cultural backgrounds lead to different language conventions and rules. That will cau misunderstanding even obstacles in the
cross-cultural communication. In order to avoid making ridiculous mistakes during communication, people should have cultural awareness and u the language appropriately to make the communication successful. That is the competence of cross-cultural communication. As we all know that through many years of English learning, most Chine students may have little problem in grammar and vocabulary, but only a small proportion of
them can achieve pragmatic competence. So it is necessary to know the pragmatic failures in the cross-cultural communication (Leech, G .N. Principles of Pragmatics [M]. New York: Longman, 1983: 32,150).
frontiers
About the pragmatic failures, Chine scholars have done much work and people can e such articles in various periodicals. It was first raid by Thomas, J.He believed that pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication is a common phonemon( Thomas, J.(1983) Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure [J].Applied Linguistics, vol.4 (2):91- 112). However, tho articles just discuss or list the different types of the pragmatic failures and analyze the possible reasons causing pragmatic failures.
醉翁亭记原文及翻译The thesis aims to study problems and caus in cross-culture communication and this paper also analyzes the differences between English and Chine learners and then offers some methods. This paper wants to provide the readers with some basic knowledge about the language difference between English and Chine. Meanwhile, it can help the English learners to develop their language skills to make a smooth cross-cultural communication.
2. Problems in Cross-culture Communication
Scio-pragmatic failure occurs when people do not have fully understanding abou t each other’s cultural difference in cross-cultural communication thus they choo an improper way to communication with each other and cau a communication breakdown. Oatery (See Hu Wenzhong, 1998)said that the Chine and western interpersonal relationships in eight aspects in daily conversations, namely, addressing people, initiating conversations, arranging a visit or activity ,conversation topics, greeting others , visiting someone, leave-taking, the u of “Thank you”
scarf什么意思Now, I will choo some typical commonly problems to discuss in following parts.
西安工业大学教务处2.1 Greetings
Conventional greeting is a kind of effective means to build and keep social contact. In China, most people tend to greet acquaintances or some people with "Have you had your dinner?" or "Have you eaten?" In Chine opinion, the questions in the example are natur
al and normal, but if you greet the native speakers of English this way, it will certainly cau pragmatic failure and they might think you are inviting him to dinner. In fact, it is a Chine way of greeting when people meet. It has the same meaning with the word "hello" in English. This phenomenon results in a question for us to think over: Why are Chine are ud to using "Have you had your dinner?" or "Have you eaten?” as greeting? Let me take for example the reality in China before Liberation. China was one of riously famine-stricken countries in the world .Many people were starved to death at that time. Wor still, between 1959 and1961, about 40 million people died of starvation throughout China. That was really a hard time for the Chine people. Later on, under the leadership of China's Communist Party, the agriculture improved, and people started to lead a happier life. So, Chine people think that food is the foundation of life. So it is very natural for us to u "Have you had your dinner?" as a greeting. But when we greet English people, we should not act this expression; instead a "Hello" would do.
sbb2.2 Compliments and Thanks
速递惊魂
因为你英文We can also e the cultural differences in view of the ways people express gratitude and compliments. Chine value of politeness is different from foreign one.People in the West tend to
u their gratitude and compliments more than Chine people, and the Chine tend to accept thanks and compliments less directly and frankly than the westerners do. To English-speaking people, who is willing to u the remark like” Thank you" to accept the prai from other people. It is assumed that the compliment is sincere and that the prai is for some worthy achievement or things. Therefore, there should be no show of no pretended modesty,fal humility. However, modesty is one of the traditional virtues for Chine people. The customary respon to a compliment would be to say that one is not worthy of the prai, or that what one has done is hardly enough. Acceptance of a compliment would imply lack of manners. So we should pay attention to the difference in accepting compliments and thanks.
2.3 Color Words
Though for people all over the world the colors are the same, different nations have different preference towards colors. In different culture, colors indicate different analogical meanings and associations, which are quite opposite sometimes. This difference will bring difficulties to two parties in understanding and communication . Some languages have only two color terms: black and white. The third term is red, if a language has three color systems. A term that may include yellow orange but that has a focal point very clo to the “red” of English In add ition to the exact fact that different languages may have different divisions of color, different language showsl different color related association. For example, since he was made director, the company has been running in the black, instead of the red. In our traditional mind, black always reprents something bad or inferior, while red means joy. However, in this example in the black means to make profit, and in the red means lo the money.
