青岛理工大学学报First of all, language is a system, becau elements of language are combined according to rules. Secondly, language is arbitrary becau there is no intrinsic connection between form and meaning, or between the sign and what it stands for. Different languages have different words for the same object in the world. This fact is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language. This also explains the symbolic nature of language: words are just symbols; they are associated with objects, actions, ideas, etc. by convention. Thirdly, language is vocal becau the primary medium is sound for all languages, no matter how well - developed their writing systems are. The term "human" in the definition indicates that language is possd by human beings only and is very different from the communication systems of other living creatures. The term "communication" means that language makes it possible for its urs to talk to each other and fulfill their communicative needs.现象的英文
vi是什么2.Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature?
Duality makes our language productive. A large number of different units can be formed out
杭州大数据培训
山楂树之恋有声小说of a small number of elements – for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small t of sounds, around 48 in the ca of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there can be astronomical number of possible ntences and phras, which in turn can combine to form unlimited number of texts. Most animal communication systems do not have this design feature of human language. If language has no such design feature, then it will be like animal communicational system which will be highly limited. It cannot produce a very large number of sound combinations, e.g. words, which are distinct in meaning.
enzu3. What are the ven functions of human language?
Informative; Interpersonal Function; Performative; Emotive Function; Phatic Communion; Recreational Function; Metalingual Function
26字母4. How is phonology different from phonetics?
They differ in their approach and focus. Phonetics is of a general nature;it is interested in
all the speech sounds ud in all human languages: how theyare produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they posss, how they can be classified. Phonology, on the other hand, is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how the sounds are ud to convey meaning in linguistic communication.绝配男女
5. How many types of morphemes are there in the English language? What are they? Free morphemes: They are the independent units of meaning and can be ud freely all by themlves, for example, bookish bound morphemes: They are tho that cannot be ud independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word such as “” the word “bookish”. Bound morphemes can be subdivided into roots and affixes. A root is en as part of a word; it can never stand by itlf although it has a clear and definite meaning, such as “ene-”in the word generate. Affixes are of two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as “–s” in the word books to indicate plurality of nouns. Derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create
a word such as “mis-”in the word misinform What are the advantages of using tree diagrams in the analysis of ntence structures?
6. What are the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech? Plea list and explain them.
(1) Conceptual meaning: logical, cognitive, or denotative content(2) Connotative meaning: what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to.(3) Social meaning: what is communicated of the social circumstances of language u.(4) Affective meaning: what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.(5) Reflected meaning: what is communicated through association with another n of the same expression.(6) Collocative meaning: what is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word. (7) Thematic meaning: what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis.megapolis
7. Explain Grice’s Cooperative Principle with examples.
