专题 25 命题选材视角之人物传记
主题解析
人物传记类文章以叙述某人的生平事迹、生活状况、事业发展以及成长历程等为主，这类文章最大的特点是以时间或者事件发生的先后顺序为线索，脉络清晰，文中可能穿插有记叙，说明或者议论，高考在这方面命题有利于培养考生高尚的道德情操，并能引导考生立志自己也要成为一个对社会有突出贡献的人。
精练必刷题
A
When the Apollo astronauts (宇航员) landed on the Moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to blame (责备) for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating beautifully detailed paintings of the Moon and planets. Viewers of his artwork were unhappy becau the real Moon did not look like Bone
stell’s pictures of it.
As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is. He worked cloly with astronomers and scientists to get the most uptodate scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had ever en another planet up clo. Yet Bonestell’s paintings looked so real that some people thought they were photographs.
barreleye
Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not start out as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture — the art and science of designing and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was here that he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods ud in the movies.
In 1944, a popular magazine published a ries of Bonestell’s paintings of the planet Saturn. He drew Saturn as if it were en by someone standing on each of the planet’s moons. The results were dazzling. Within a few years, Bonestell’s artwork was appearing regularly in magazines and books on astronomy and space flight.
Many of Bonestell’s artworks had been right all along. But the biggest surpri was the Moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures from the Moon. “I thought how wrong I was！” he said. “My mountains were sharp (陡峭的), and they aren’t on the Moon.”
But he shouldn’t have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway iknowworlds. In the years just before the first manned space flights, Bonestell’s artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure to come.
1．Bonestell made his space drawing余悸什么意思s________.
A．from a very early age
B．by copying photographs
C．with the help of scientists
D．in order to make a living
2．The underlined word “dazzling” in Paragraph 4 can best be replaced by “________”．
A．doubtful B．worrying
behaves C．terrible D．wonderful
3．Bonestell’s success lay in the fact that________.
drawing
A．he created a new drawing skill
B．he helped finish the first space flight
C．he made space travel more popular
我想你日语D．he helped bring space clor to peoplevolans
4．What would be the best title for the text?
学生会主席发言稿 A．The First Men on the Moon
B．The Space Art of Chesley Bonestell
C．The Journeys of the Apollo Astronauts
D．Spacewalking: through an Astronaut’s Eyes
B
Inventor, physicist, 协商英语surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist ... Robert Hooke was all the and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the cour of his work. he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.
Hooke’s early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impresd them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London — meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating (展示) new experiments at the society’s weekly
meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through a microscope (显微镜) was one of his favorite pastimes (消遣). He invented a compound microscope for this purpo. One day while obrving a cork (软木塞) under a microscope, he saw honey comblike structures. There were cells — the smallest units of life. In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the boxlike cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery(修道院)．
Another achievement of Hooke’s was his book Micrographia, which introduced the 冷静的英文enormous potential (潜力) of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on the phenomena (现象)．
