Dancing penguins
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IN the heart of Antarctica is the kingdom of Emperor Penguins (帝企鹅复仇revenge). Here, you are nobody unless you can sing. This is bad news for Mumble. He is the worst singer in the world, but he's a natural born tap dancer (踢踏舞者). Though his mum thinks this little skill is cute, both his parents know that without a special song, Mumble may never find his true love.
Penguins are flightless birds belonging to the family Spheniscidae. World-wide there are 17 species of penguin, all of which breed in the Southern hemisphere. The name is believed to have originated from the Welsh "pen gwyn" which means white head. The name was originally applied to Great Auks, which are flightless birds that lived in the northern hemisphere, before being hunted to extinction in the 19th Century. Great Auks looked similar to penguins, and were also unable to fly, which is why they were killed off so easily by sailors who ud them for food.
选自Introduction to Penguins
Penguins
Penguins are birds highly adapted for marine life, having a shape that enables extreme agility underwater. They also have a waterproof coat of den feathers and a well developed layer of fat for insulation.
All penguin species are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, but the greatest numerical concentrations are on Antarctic coasts and sub-Antarctic islands.
Gentoo 2012年6月六级真题 (Pygoscelis papua)(sub-antarctic islands), adélie [阿德列企鹅](Pygoscelis adeliae)(Antarctic coasts) and chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) (Antarctic Peninsula) breed in the southern spring. Females lay only one egg usually and males share in incubation and chick rearing. Predation by brown skuas and sheathbills is a major cau of egg and chick loss, though complete breeding failure can occur at times of low food availability.
Two migratory species of crested penguins, the macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome), breed on sub-antarctic islands. Crested penguins are unique in that the first of two eggs in a clutch is always smaller than the cond. The smaller egg rarely hatches and only one chick is raid
King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) also breed on sub-Antarctic islands in large colonies, though with territorial spacing. Adults incubate a single egg and brood the chick resting on their feet. In contrast, emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) form colonies on a ice at the edges of the Antarctic continent and breed during the Antarctic winter. Physiological adaptations and congregating in large crèches enables them to withstand the harsh conditions.
The main prey of penguins are fish, squid and crustaceans, with variation of diet occurring within the feeding regimes of different species. Duration of feeding trips and diving performance also varies between species.
Most species of Antarctic penguin are abundant and not riously threatened by man's activities. However rockhopper and macaroni penguin populations have decread substantially in recent years (though without obvious cau). In addition there remain concerns that Southern Ocean krill fisheries could compete with penguins for food, particularly during the breeding ason.
March of the Penguins
Each winter, alone in the pitiless ice derts of Antarctica, deep in the most inhospitable terrain on Earth, a truly remarkable journey takes place as it has done for millennia. Emperor penguins in their thousands abandon the deep blue curity of their ocean home and clamber onto the frozen ice to begin their long journey into a region so bleak, s
o extreme, it supports no other wildlife at this time of year. In single file, the penguins march blinded by blizzards, buffeted by gale force winds. Guided by instinct, by the otherworldly radiance of the Southern Cross, they head unerringly for their traditional breeding ground where--after a ritual courtship of intricate dances and delicate maneuvering, accompanied by a cacophony of ecstatic song--they will pair off into monogamous couples and mate. The females remain long enough only to lay a single egg. Once this is accomplished, exhausted by weeks without nourishment, they begin their return journey across the ice-field to the fish-filled as. The male emperors are left behind to guard and hatch the precious eggs, which they cradle at all times on top of their feet. After two long months during which the males eat nothing, the eggs begin to hatch. Once they have emerged into their ghostly white new world, the chicks can not survive for long on their fathers' limited food rerves. If their mothers are late returning from the ocean with food, the newly-hatched young will die. Once the families are reunited, the roles rever, the mothers remaining with their new young while their mates head, exhausted and starved, for the a, and food. While the adults fish, the chicks face the ev
er-prent threat of attack by prowling giant petrels. As the weather grows warmer and the ice floes finally begin to crack and melt, the adults will repeat their arduous journey countless times, marching many hundreds of miles over some of the most treacherous territory on Earth, until the chicks are ready to take their first faltering dive into the deep blue waters of the Antarctic.
楔翼总目(Impennes)又叫企鹅总目， 只包括企鹅目(Sphenisciformes)企鹅科(Spheniscidae)，包括6属18种企鹅。
全部为不会飞翔而擅长游泳和潜水的海洋鸟类。体羽呈鳞片状，均匀分布于体表，骨骼沉重，胸骨有发达的龙骨突。企鹅通常被当作是南极的象征，但企鹅最多的种类却分布在南温带，其中南大洋中的岛屿，南美洲和新西兰都比较多，在这里有6属绯闻女孩第二季在线观看13种企鹅营巢，其中有2个属限于澳新地区，而企鹅中最大的属角企鹅属也是以澳新地区为分布中心。企鹅第二大属环企鹅属则主要分布于亚热带和热带地区，甚至可到达赤道附近，而在南极大陆沿岸营巢的企鹅只有2属4种，亚南极有2属2种，而真正在南极大陆越冬的则只有皇企鹅。现存于世的企鹅有18新视野大学英语3课文翻译种，它们分别是小白鳍企鹅、白鳍企鹅、黄眼企鹅、麦哲伦企鹅、秘鲁
企鹅、加拉帕戈斯企鹅、帝企鹅、王企鹅、阿德里企鹅、南极企鹅、巴布亚企鹅、史氏角企鹅、角企鹅、响弦角企鹅、马可罗尼角企鹅和直冠角企鹅。
1、王企鹅属(Aptenodytes魔术的英文）
有两种，全球高校排名帝企鹅和王企鹅，是最大型也是最漂亮的企鹅。
帝企鹅：importing
皇企鹅Aptenodytes forsteri：身高一米以上，体重可超过30千克，lotof是唯一在南极大陆沿岸一带过冬的鸟类，并在冬季繁殖，皇企鹅每次只产一枚卵，孵化时由雄企鹅将其放在两脚的蹼上并用肚皮盖住，此其间，雄企鹅停止进食，完全靠脂肪维持生命，直到幼企鹅孵出，其体重可减轻1/3。
popularscience王企鹅：
体型稍小些，嘴则比较长，颜色更加鲜艳，主要分布于南大洋一带及亚南极地区，最北可到新西兰一带。
2、阿德里企鹅属（Pygoscelis)
有3种。巴布亚企鹅、阿德里企鹅、南极企鹅。
巴布亚企鹅Pygoscelis papua ：
又叫金图企鹅，分布于南极半岛和南大洋中的岛屿岛屿上
阿德里企鹅Adelie Penguin ：
数量最多的企鹅，可在南极见到大规模的群体，游荡于南极有浮冰的水域。
