构词法练习及其答案

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构词法练习及其答案
                   
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高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 
一.合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式:1. 直接写在一起.  2. 用连字符(—)连接.  3. 由两个分开的词构成.
(1)合成adj                                           
方式
例词
1 adj+adj
red-hot
2 adj+n
first-class, full—time, part-time
3 adj+现在分词
good—looking, free—thinking,
4 adj+过去分词
ready-made
5 adj+n-ed
good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded
6 n+n-ed
iron—willed
7 n+adj
world—famous, day—long
8 n+现在分词
beauty—loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting,
9 n+过去分词
man-made, water-covered,
10adv+adj
ever-green
11adv+现在分词
hard—working, far—eing
12adv+过去分词
well-prepared, quickly-cured, well—known
13 num+ n
five-year
14 num+n+adj
five—year—old
quarter怎么读15num+过去分词
four-legged, six—storied
(2)合成动词
构成方式
例词
1 n+v
day—dream
2 adv+v
overcome, upturn翻起
3 adj+v标准韩国语电子书
white-wash
(3)合成n
好听的英文歌曲名字
构成方式
例词
1 n+n
horback , bank-note,
混蛋英语
newspaper, cellphone,
2 adj+n
back-yard, forehead,
3动名词+n
hiding place, reading-room
4 v+adv
get—off, break in,
5 adv+v
output, overflow
新手怎么学化妆
(4)合成 adv  however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever
(5)合成代词  whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, mylf, something, anything, (6)合 成 介 词 inside在……里
cash warren
后 缀
例  词
-al
central, industrial, national, natural
-an
European, American, Australian
-ern
eastern, northern, southern
—able
reasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, nsible
-ful
careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,
—ish
childish, Swedish, lfish
-ive
destructive, collective, active, creative, effective
—y
thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny
-less
careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless
—en
golden, wooden, woolen
-ous
courageous, famous, continuous, rious, various
—ary
imaginary, revolutionary, condary
-ic
realistic, historic, poetic
—some
troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome
-like
childlike, womanlike, manlike
—ant
ignorant, significant, obrvant, important
-ent
diligent, silent, excellent, frequent
—ly
lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly
—ish
childish, foolish
二、派生 Derivation
前缀
含义
例词
a—
处在……
ari, aside, alone
en-
使可能
enrich, enable, enslave
dis—
不,否定
dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree
un—
不,做相反动作
unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair,
unclo, undress, uncover, untie
in—
im—
ir-
il-
不,非
inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect
impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical
irregular, irresponsible
illogical,
non-
不,非
non—existent,non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop
de—
向相反方向发展
decentralize(分散), defrost(解冻)
anti-
反(对)
anti-freeze, anti-fascist
mis-come up with
错误的,坏的
misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune
re
重复,再
rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,
co-
共同
co—exist, co—operate, co-education
ex
以前的
ex-husband, ex-president
tele
远程
telephone, telegraph, telescope
super—
在上面,超级
supermarket, superpower,
under—
在……之下
underline, underestimate, underground,
inter—
相互,之间
international, interact, inter-change
sub—
下,次
subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent,
trans-
过,穿过,变
transformation(变形), translate
vice-
vice—premier, vice—president
mi—
mifinal, micircle, mi-automatic
bi
两个
bicycle, biennial两年一次的
tri
三个
triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎
mul-
多,多种
multiply, multi—national, multi—coloured
kilo—
词汇kilometre, kilogram
后  缀
例    词
-ize
realize, modernize, mechanize, criticize,
—en
widen, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen
-fy
Simplify, beautify, terrify, 
政府工作报告英文japane teacher 中文
后 缀
例  词
-ward(s)
forward, northward, backward, downward
—ly
slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly
三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形,而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。
1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音—记录, name, date, hand, study,
2. 形容词转化为动词      perfect完美的-—使完善  3。名词转化为形容词(副词)  front前面——前面的
4.形容词转化为名词        chief 主要的-—首领
训练要旨:构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。

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