词
1. 词类(Parts of Speech)
1.名词(即人或事物的名称)- n. ( noun )
boy, dancer, flower, beauty, country
2.冠词(用在名词前,帮助说明其意义)- art. ( article ) a, an, the
3.动词(表示动作或状态)- v. ( verb ) go, do, e, work, feel
4.形容词(表示人或事物的特征)ad.( adjective ) good, easy, new, beautiful
5.副词(表示动作特征或性状特征)- adv. ( adverb ) beautifully, carefully, hard, up, very
6.代词(代替名词或数词)- pron. ( pronoun ) we, the, some, everybody, what
7.数词(表示数目或顺序)- num. ( numeral ) : nine, fifty, third, twentieth
8.介词(用在名词、代词等前面,说明与别的词之间关系)prep. ( preposition ) in, on, from, through, for
9.连词(连接词与词或句与句)conj. ( conjunction )and, or, if, when, although
10.感叹词(表示说话时的感情或口气) int. ( interjection ) ah, well, wow, why
不定式前的to为小品词(particles)。yes和no 有人称为肯定词和六级官网
否定词,有的词典称之为副词。
beauty2. 一个词可以分为不同的词类
有些词仅属于一个词类,如quickly为副词,come为动词,beautiful 为形容词。但绝大多数词都可以属于两种或多种词类,例如:Let’s go.咱们走吧。(go 用作动词)
I’d like to have a go at it.我想试一试。(go用作名词)
I haven’t en him since 1998.
我1998 年以后就没见到他了。(since 作介词)cabernet sauvignon
We met in 1980. I have never heard from him since 1980.
我们1980 年见面以后,我再也没有接到他的音信了。
(since 作副词)
因此在学一个词时,先要知道它属于哪个词类,然后再弄清它是否还可用作其他词类。英语中的一个词,常可用作另一词类,如: It’s a bookshop.这是一家书店。 where do you shop for clothes?你在哪里买衣裳?
It’s a good buy.这是一样便宜货。where did you buylondon it?你是在哪里买的?日语能力考
It’s a small park.这是一座小公园。Let me e if I have any smalls.我看看有没有小号的。这种现象叫作词类的转换(conversion )。
3. 词类的转换
cognos 一个词类常可能转换为另一词类:
1.某些动词可以转换为名词:Try the shirt on. 穿上这件衬衫试试(v. ) Let me have a try.我来试一试。(n. )
Look at me. 瞧着我。(v. ) Let me have a look.我来瞧瞧。(n. )
2.某些名词也可转换为动词: Open your books.打开你的书。(n. ) Have you booked your ticket?你订票了吗?
laredo texasHave a at.请坐。(n. ) The hall ats 500 ( people ).大厅可以坐500 人。(v. )
3. 某些形容词可以转换为动词:You are too slow.你太慢了。(adj. ) The train has slowed down.火车慢下来了。(v. )
It’s warm in spring.春天天气暖和。(adj. ) They warmed their hands over the fire.他们在炉火上烤手。(v. )
4. 也有些形容词可转换为名词: He is my dear friend.他是我亲密的朋友。(adj. ) She’s a dear.她是一个招人喜欢的人。(n. )
Prices here are very low.这里的物价很低。(adj. ) Profits have reached a new low.利润降到了最低点。(n. )
5. 有些词用作其他词类时重音会发生变化:
Everybody prent [prezən t ] welcome the decision. 所有在场的人都欢迎这个决定。
The National Theatre is prenting [pri'zentiŋ ] a new production of Hamlet.国家剧场正在上演新的哈姆雷特。
4. 派生(Derivation)
许多词通过加词头(或称前缀,prefixes )或词尾(或称后缀
suffixes )来构成另一词类,称为闹钟的英文派生。通过加词头或词尾构成的词称
为派生词(derivatives )。
英语的词尾主要有下面这些:
1. 构成名词的词尾(括号中词为例词): -er ( singer ) -or ( sailor ) -ist ( artist )-ee ( employee )
-es (hostess )-ian ( musician )-e ( Japane ) -ant ( contestant )-ism ( heroism )-ess ( happiness )
超好听英文歌曲推荐-(a ) tion ( examination )ment ( movement ) -on ( decision )-ing ( wedding )-ship ( friendship )
-hood ( childhood )-age ( shortage )--dom ( freedom )-ty ( cruelty )-ity ( reality )ure ( failure )
-y ( discovery )-th ( warmth )-al ( arrival ) -ance ( reliance )-nce ( difference )-ful( mouthful )
-y ( slavery )-eer ( engineer )
2.构成形容词的词尾:
-
ful ( uful )-less ( homeless )-ish ( childish )- ive ( active )-ous(famous )-able ( eatable )-ible ( responsible ) ic ( poetic )-ant ( pleasant )-ly ( lively )-al ( cultural )-y(rainy )-ent ( dependent )-ary ( imaginary )-some ( tiresome )-like ( childlike )-en ( wooden )-ate ( fortunate )-an ( Indian )-ed ( talented )
3.其他词尾:
chee in the trap- ize ( modernize )-en ( widen )-ify ( simplify ) ate ( originate )-ly ( slowly )-ward ( backward )-wi ( likewi )
-teen ( fourteen )-ty ( forty )-th ( ninth )
•英语的词头有两类:
1.构成反义词的词头:
un- (un happy ) dis- ( disagree ) in- (informal ) im- (impolite )
ir-(irregular ) il- (illegal ) non- (non-conductor ) de-(defrost )
2.有特定的意思的词头,如: re- (retell ) mis- ( misspell ) co- ( co-exist )
anti-(anti-tank ) pro- ( pro- French ) counter-(counteract ) over-(overdo ) under-(under-paid ) ex- ( ex- wife ) pre
(predict ) post- ( post-war ) fore-(foree ) lf- ( lf- made ) inter-(interact ) tele-(telephone ) super-(superman ) micro- (microwave ) mi-(mi-circle ) mini-(minibus ) vice-(vice-chairman )
5. 合成词(Compound Words)
英语中有很多词是由两个或是很多词构成的,这种词叫合成词。英语中合
成词极多,主要有下面几类:
1.合成名词:
名词+名词:silkworm (蚕)名词+动名词:sunbathing (日光浴)形
容词+名词:shorthand (速记)动词+副词:get-together (联欢会)
动名词+名词:waiting-room (候车室)动词+名词:pick-pocket
(扒手)副词+动词:down-fall (垮台)
还有一些其他类型的合成名词,如:
well-being (福利), go-between (中间人)by-product (副产品
editor-in-chief (主编)good-for-nothing (不中用的人)
touch-me-not (凤仙花)merry-go-round (旋转木马)