孙燕姿仓木麻衣1puritanism清教主义unclear
The dogmas 教条preached by Puritans. They believed that all men were predestined命中注定 and the individual ‘s free will played no part in his quest for salvation. This was a rejection of the dogmas preached by the Roman Catholic Church and its rites仪式. The Puritans also advocated a strict moral code which prohibited many earthly pleasures such as dancing and other merry-makings.清教徒提倡严格的道德准则禁止如跳舞和其他许多世俗的快乐的气质。 They stresd the virtues of lf-discipline,自律 thrift节俭 and hard work as evidence that one was among the “elect” to be chon to go to Heaven after death
2Romanticism
The term refers to the literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. Romanticism rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stresd that logic and reason were the best respon humans had in the face of cruelty, 残忍的stupidity, superstition,迷信的 and barbarism. Instead, the Romantics asrted that
reliance 依赖upon emotion and natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of knowing and a reliable guide to ethics 伦理and living. The Romantic movement typically asrts 声称，代言the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status 特权地位of imagination and fancy存在即合理英文想象和幻想, the value of spontaneity over “artifice” and “sitting down hereconvention”价值的理解“技巧”和“公约”，interpretbusy什么意思 the human need for emotional outlets, the spiritual destruction 精神上的摧残of urban life.城市生活。 Their writings are often t in rural, or Gothic ttings and they show an obssive 强迫性的concern with “innocent” characters—children, young lovers, and animals. The major Romantic poets included William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Gordon Byron.
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3Epic 史诗
An epic is a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale大尺度 and deals with legendary传奇 or historical events of national or universal significance.意义 Most epics deal with the exploits利用韩语学习网站 of a single individual and also interlace the main narrative
with myths, legends, folk tales and past events; there is a composite effect, the entire culture of a country cohering in the overall experience of the poem. Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history.
4Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement, flourishing in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.
It is the summit of American Romanticism.It is strongly against Rationalism and Materialism (物质享乐主义）.What is popularly called Transcendentalism among us is idealism, idealism as appears in 1842. Transcendentalism was a romantic idealism, or philosophical romanticism. It is also regarded as a considerable-scale ideological and cultural revolution after American people struggled to get free from the English colonial rule
5Realism
Realism is the trend, beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century authors, toward depictions描写 of contemporary life当代生活 and society as it was, or is. In the spirit of general "realism," realist authors opted 选择for depictions of everyday and banal平庸的 activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized prentation.
In England, the French realists were imitated consciously and notably 值得注意的是by George Edward Moore (1873-1958) and Arnold Bennett 1867-1931), but the English novel from the time of Defoe (18th cent.) had had its own unlabelled strain of realism, and the term is thus applied to English literature in varying ns and contexts,语境lie to me 主题曲 sometimes qualified as 'social' or Psychological' realism etc.
6lost generation
It is applied to the generation of American writers who came of age during or just after WW one and who fought in the war. The terms derives from Gertrude Stein’s comment to Ernest Hemingway, “you are all a lost generation”. Hemingway, himlf a memeber of th
e lost generation, ud the phra as a motto and theme for his novel “the sun also ris’. Members of this lost generation, who fund themlves without emotional or cultural stability in a time of social upheaval and to whom the traditional values made mo n as a result of the war, included F.Scott Fitzgerald , Louis Bloomfield, Hart Crane ,Malcolm Cowley and John Dos Passos. Although many of them spent much of their time in Paris, others lived and worked in New York and some remained in the middle west and the South. They constituted a group reacting against certain tendencies of older writers.
7Feminism
Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal, political, economic, and social rights for women. This includes eking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. A feminist advocates or supports the rights and equality of women.
Feminist theory, which emerged from the feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience; it ha
s developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues such as the social construction of x and gender.
Feminist activists campaign for women's rights – such as in contract law, property, and voting – while also promoting bodily integrity, autonomy, and reproductive rights for women. Feminism is mainly focud on women's issues, but becau feminism eks gender equality, bell hooks合理冲撞 and other feminists have argued that men's liberation is a necessary part of feminism, and that men are also harmed by xism and gender roles.
