关于装、运含高硫化氢液货的安全防护须知
一、硫化氢气体特性
硫化氢（H2S）属非金属氢化物、具有刺激性和窒息性的无色气体。有“臭蛋样”气味。
二、原油中的硫化氢
原油中含有硫化氢，就会散发出“臭蛋样”的气味，即使硫化氢的浓度很低，人的嗅觉也能察觉出来。其容许浓度参考值为10PPM。高浓度的硫化氢能迅速麻痹嗅觉，有时当人的嗅觉尚未感到臭味时，就已失去知觉。所以用嗅觉辨别硫化氢的有无，是非常危险的。
三、硫化氢对人的危害
频繁地处于低浓度的硫化氢气体中，仅有呼吸道及眼部刺激反应，高浓度时全身反应明显，表现为中枢神经系统症状和窒息症状。
四、人员防护 liar
teens girl
1.甲板作业人员在进行装、卸含有硫化氢液货作业时，若空气中硫化氢浓度超标（10PPM），拆、装货管人员应佩戴过滤式防毒面具，穿防静电工作服，戴密闭式防护眼镜和防化学品手套。避免呼吸道吸入和皮肤接触。
2.stay是什么意思翻译装油时，尽量不要使用经过泵舱的管系，尽量避免泵舱空气被硫化氢污染。
3.油舱内油气应通过排气管排出，在必须打开测量孔测定液面空挡、取样时，应尽量缩短开放时间，测量人员应站在测量孔的上风处，并穿戴防护品。
4.完货后，岐管处的输油管要用盲板盲死，擦干集油槽内的残油。
5.进入泵舱前，应先通风换气，然后检测，在确认无有害气体，并有监护人员陪同下，方可进入。
6.clarify进入硫化氢可疑舱室时，须佩戴自给式呼吸器，穿戴好防护用品。不可冒然进入。
7.在船舶装、卸货期间，关闭所有不必要的门窗和通道，同时，将生活区内空调由外循环改为内循环。甲板上及居住区内应定期进行硫化氢浓度的检测。特别是在装油结束后。
8.在怀疑有硫化氢的场所，人员进入前须彻底通风换气，然后检测硫化氢的浓度，检查人员应佩戴和穿着必要的防护用品。如果在居住区内硫化氢浓度超过10PPM，则必须调整输油速度。在降低输油速度而浓度仍未降低时，应采取其它适当方法，直至情况好转。
9.在卸油时，货油泵舱的排污通道应确保畅通。
10.装油及压载时，在甲板上、货油泵舱口及其它危险场所入口处，应有明显标志，写明预防硫化氢中毒的注意事项。
11.对于硫化氢中毒者应迅速脱离现场，转移到新鲜空气的场所进行抢救。严重的应立即给氧及采取相应的急救措施。
五、设备要求：
✓ 专用呼吸器（呼吸面具）：最少6个。
✓ 防护服（视情况而定）：最少6套
✓ 硫化氢报警器：最少5个
✓ 船舶机场：左舷，直径5米
上述物料，船舶可以根据航次命令情况，提前15天向公司备件物料科申请。
六、船舶培训
Hydrogen Sulfide H2S
On Board Vesls:
Safety Training Hazards / Risk of H2S;
Monitoring Equipment Profile;
Monitoring Equipment Training;
Product Specific Training:
MSA Pulsar Distribution / Training
Colorimetric Warning Tape
Demonstration / Training
Colorless Gas;
Poisonous Gas;
Flammable Gas;
Found in:
✓ Crude Oil;
✓ Natural / Gas;
✓ Decomposition by-product from other organic sources;
Ud or Found in:
Crude Oil;
Synthetic Petroleum;
Other Refined Products such as Naptha;
Manufacturing;;
✓ Dyes;
✓ Pigments;
10 PPM is the exposure limit;
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) – 300 PPM;
Human odor threshold <<1PPM;
Despite a low Human Odor Threshold for the gas in air (<< 1 PPM) -- H2S is considered to be an insidious poison becau the n of smell rapidly fatigues (depending on concentration and duration of exposure) and therefore, fails to provide a safe warning of gas concentrations(s).
Route of Entry into the Body:
单词之美四级
Inhalation;
Absorption;
Ingestion;
Injection;
Nearly all substances that are airborne can be inhaled affected by Personal Characteristics:
Gender;
Genetic Variables;
Health Status – Overall;
桃子的英语单词 Age;
Chemical Interactions;
Do – Respon Relationship:
Threshold Concept (toxicity / exposure);
Lethal Do / Concentration (mortality predictor);
Flammable Limits in Air: 4.3% - 45% ( by volume )
CAS# 7783 – 06 – 4
OSHA Ceiling Limit 20 PPM
Peak 50 PPM / 10 minutes
TLV / TWA 10 PPM
TLV / STEL 15 PPM
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TLV / IDLH 300 PPM
NIOSH Ceiling 10 PPM / 10 minutes
Evacuation im> 65 PPM
Action of Toxic Substances
The Toxic action of a substance can be divided into acute and chronic effects.
ACUTE + CHRONIC
Chemical Asphyxiates:
Through direct chemical action, either prevent the uptake of oxygen by the blood or interfere in the transportation of oxygen.
Examples:
Carbon Monoxide prevents oxygen transport by combining with the hemoglobin;
Hydrogen Sulfide paralyzes the respiratory center within the brain;
HAS PULSAR Leak DETECTION;
Audio visual alarm at 10 – 15 ppm;
2 year life after activation, Electronic record of activation, lights flash every 30 conds to indicate system active;
No calibration required;
Test on a daily basis prior usage;
Low Battery alarm;
COLORIMETRIC Leak DETECTION
Hpantiho2S Sensitive tape changes color with exposure to H2S
10 PPM;
3 Minutes Exposure;
Changes tape color to shades of brown;
Lighter exposures will provide a lighter shade of brown coloration over the same 3 minute period;
Hydrogen Sulfide – Summary
Highly Toxic;
Highly Flammable;
Found in:
职称英语考试成绩查询
✓ Crude Oil;
✓ Synthetic and Refined Products;
Risk Can Be Managed Effectively
✓ Engineering Controls;
✓ Standard Operations Procedures;
✓ Chain of Command;
七、船舶警示
硫化氢：
从石油中采出的很多种原油都带有大量的硫化氢（H2S），但在这种原油装船前，通常都经过稳定化处理以降低硫化氢含量。然而，有时稳定化的数量可能临时降低。因此油船会收到硫化氢含量高于常量的货油。此外，有些原油从来就不经过稳定处理而总是含有大量的硫化氢。在其他货油类，如石脑油、燃料油、石油沥青和粗柴油中也可能遇到硫化氢。
