摘要
谚语是一个民族集体智慧的精华，是一个民族的文化在历史长河中的积淀，记录了社会发展所带来的变化，反映了不同民族的文化内涵。中国和西班牙均有大量的谚语，是两国人民对生产、生活实践经验的高度概括。
本文主要研究汉西谚语的语言特点。论文首先对汉西谚语的韵律特点进行考察。汉西谚语既讲究押韵，又注重节奏的变化。汉语谚语有尾韵押韵形式，句式对仗工整，通过平仄形式凸显节奏的变化。西语谚语的押韵形式更为丰富，头韵、全韵、内韵和半韵是区别于汉语押韵的部分；西语谚语无对仗现象，依靠单词的重音和轻重读来实现节奏的变化。
其次，从词汇方面对汉西谚语进行比较，发现汉西谚语的词汇均具有口语化、时代性、同义替代、反义对比等特点。最大区别在于，西语谚语在更换同义词的时候，句式结构也往往发生一定变化，而汉语谚语句式则不发生变化。
然后，对比分析汉西谚语的句式特点。在汉西谚语的单句中均存在省略或者隐含主语的情况，西语谚语中还有隐含动词的“零动词句”。在复句中，汉语谚语多通过语义，以意合的方式隐性地联系各分句；西语谚语则多使用关系词和连词，以形合的方式显性地联系各分句。
最后，从比喻的角度对汉西谚语进行分析。通过比较汉西谚语的比喻分类发现，二者并非一一对应，西语谚语中隐喻的内涵更广，包括了汉语的暗喻、借喻和拟人。本文还从文化的角度对汉西谚语比喻异同的依据进行了分析。
关键词：汉西谚语；认知语言学；语言类型学；概念隐喻；对比
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ccrtABSTRACT
Proverbs are the esnce of a nation’s collective wisdom and the accumulation of the nation’s culture in the long history. They record the changes which brought by the development of society and reflect the cultural connotation of different nations.
There are a large number of proverbs in Chine and Spanish, which highly summarized the experience of the people in their daily life and labor.
The disrtation mainly studies the linguistic features of Chine and Spanish proverbs. Firstly, the paper is classifying the prosodic features of Chine and Spanish proverbs. Both Chine and Spanish proverbs emphasize the rhythm. Chine proverbs feature end rhyme with neat antithesis o
f ntence patterns. The rhythm changes are highlighted through the level and oblique tones. There are more forms of the rhythm in Spanish proverbs. The alliteration, the full rhythm, the internal rhythm and the middle rhythm are the parts which are different from the Chine. In addition, Spanish proverbs rely on the accent, stresd and light words to achieve the changes of rhythm.
Secondly, the Chine and Spanish proverbs are compared from lexical aspects. It is found that the vocabulary of Chine and Spanish proverbs is characterized by colloquial and epochal character, using synonymous substitution and antin contrast. When the Spanish proverbs replace the synonym, the ntence structure also tends to change. However, the ntence patterns of the Chine proverbs don’t change. This is the biggest difference between Chine and Spanish proverbs in terms of vocabulary.
Then, the disrtation analyzes the syntactic features of the Chine and Spanish proverbs. It is common that subject implied in the single ntences of the Chine and Spanish proverbs. There are also ntences without verbs in the Spanish proverbs to imply the predicate. In the complex ntences, the Chine proverbs mostly link the clau to the main ntence through mantics. However, the Spanish proverbs u the relatives and the conjunctions to connect the ntences.
Finally, the Chine and Spanish proverbs are analyzed from the perspective of metaphor. By comparing the metaphorical classifications of the two different proverbs, it is found that the metaphors in Spanish proverbs are more connotative, including the metaphors, trope and personification of Chine. Moreover, the paper also studies the basis of the similarities and differences between Chine and Spanish proverbs from the perspective of culture.
Key words: Chine and Spanish proverbs; Cognitive linguistics; Linguistic typology; Conceptual metaphor; Contrast
目录
第1章引言 (1)
1.1 概述 (1)
1.2 汉西谚语的起源和定义 (1)
1.2.1 汉语谚语的起源和定义 (1)
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1.2.2 西语谚语的起源和定义 (2)
1.3 汉西谚语对比的研究综述 (3)
1.4 研究方法 (5)
1.5 语料来源 (5)
第2章汉西谚语韵律特点考察 (7)
2.1 汉西谚语押韵方面的异同 (7)
2.1.1 汉西谚语押韵的相同点 (7)
2.1.2 汉西谚语押韵的不同点 (7)
2.2 汉西谚语节奏方面的异同 (9)
2.2.1 汉西谚语句式整齐方面的对比 (9)
河北教育考试院官网入口成绩查询2.2.2 汉西谚语抑扬顿挫方面的对比 (10)
2.3 小结 (13)
第3章汉西谚语词汇特点考察 (14)
3.1 用词的口语化 (14)
3.2 使用具有时代特征的词汇 (15)
3.3 同义替代 (15)
3.4 反义词的使用 (16)
3.5 小结 (16)
第4章汉西谚语句式特点考察 (18)
4.1 汉西谚语单句的异同 (18)
4.1.1 汉语谚语的动词性非主谓句 (18)leighton meester
4.1.2 西语谚语hay que构成的无人称句 (18)
4.1.3 汉西谚语的受事主语句 (20)
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4.1.4 西语谚语的零动词句 (21)
4.1.5 本节小结 (22)
南京师范大学自考网4.2 汉西谚语复句的异同 (23)
4.2.1 汉西谚语复句的相同点 (23)
4.2.2 汉西谚语复句的不同点 (24)
4.3 小结 (25)
第5章汉西谚语比喻特点考察 (26)
5.1 汉语和西语比喻分类的对应关系 (26)
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5.1.1 汉西谚语的明喻 (26)
5.1.2 汉语的暗喻与西语的隐喻 (26)
5.1.3 汉语的借喻与西语的隐喻 (27)
5.1.4 汉语的拟人与西语的隐喻 (27)
5.2 汉西谚语隐喻形成的文化依据 (28)
5.2.1 谚语隐喻的形成机制 (28)
5.2.2 汉西谚语隐喻文化依据的共同点 (29)
5.2.3 汉西谚语隐喻文化依据的不同点 (30)
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5.3 小结 (33)
第6章结语 (34)
mini bus6.1 结论 (34)
6.2 不足 (34)
致谢 (35)potentially
参考文献 (36)
