一 脸谱的由来:
脸谱起源于面具，但为了表达更为复杂丰富的观念和表情，发展为舞台脸谱，起源有几种说法，最可信的是源于我国南北朝北齐，说的是兰陵王高长恭，勇猛善战，但太过貌美，每次出战，均戴凶猛假面。
脸谱分两类：
一类是工艺美术性脸谱。这类脸谱是作者根据自己的思维想象，在石膏材质的脸形上，用绘画，编织，刺绣等手法制作出形态各异，色彩图案变化多样的脸谱制品，这类脸谱具有一定的观赏价值！
另一类是舞台实用脸谱。这类脸谱是根据剧情和剧中人物的需要，演员用夸张的手法在脸
上勾画出不同颜色，不同图案和纹样的脸谱。戏曲演员在舞台上勾画脸谱是用来助增所扮演人物的性格特点，相貌特征，身份地位，实现丰富的舞台色彩，美化舞台的效果，舞台脸谱是人们头脑中理念与观感的谐和统一。
One origin on types of facial makeup in operas
The styles of makeup stem 英[stem] from the mask, but to express a more complex rich idea and the expression, it is developped the stage styles of makeup, there are veral views on origin: it is the most credible to stems from our country ,that is Southern and Northern Dynasties Northern Qi Dynasty, what said is blue mausoleum英[,mɔ:sə'li:əm, -zə-]n.陵墓 Wang Gaochang gong, fierce clever in fighting, but extremely pretty, each time he goes to battle, you can e he wears the fierce fal face.
The styles of makeup are divided two kinds:
One kind is the industrial art styles of makeup. This kind of styles of makeup styles of makeup product that are dissimilaradj.不同的, 不相似的 in shape and form, the color desi
gn change diverly多样地 .It is also by the author who acts according to own thought imagination, in the gypsum英['dʒɪpsəm] 2017年高考试题全国卷n.石膏material quality's face shape, with the different techniques ,like: drawing, knitting英['nɪtɪŋ] n.编结物, embroidery英[im'brɔidəri]刺绣 and so on to manufactures手工制法汽车如何防盗, you can find the certain ornamental value on this kind of styles of makeup have!
Another kind is the stage practical styles of makeup. This kind of styles of makeup is according to the plot 英[plɔt]剧情and the play character's need, the actor outline勾画 the different color with the exaggerating英[iɡˈzædʒəreit]夸张的 techniques on the face, different designs and dermatoglyphic patterns styles of makeup. The drama actor outlines the styles of makeup in the stage is ud for helping them to increa character's disposition性格 characteristic, the facial expression characteristic, the identity and status, realizes the rich stage color, beautifies the stage effect, the stage styles of makeup is the harmonious英[hɑ:'məʊni:əs]和谐的 and unification英[,ju:nɪfɪ'keɪʃɵn]统一 in the the idea and the impression of people’ brains.
二 facial design in Chine theatre脸谱设计在中国戏剧中的应用（改 译）
Facial design in Chine the facial painting mainly for the jing roles(male characters with striking英['straikiŋ] adj. 1.显著的, 突出的 2.引人注目的; 容貌出众的 3.妩媚动人的，俊秀的 personalities),is a traditional art make-up ud to reprent the characteristics of the roles. As known to all, musicians must follow the scores when playing the musical instruments; likewi, theatre performers must follow some regular patterns when painting rituals英['ritʃuəl]establish是什么意思 仪式, and its development is deeply influenced by that of the facial design of shehuo. There are two types of facial design in Chine theatre, one is ud in Beijing opera and the other is ud in local operas.
Beijing opera(jingju or jingxi),one of the major forms of Chine theatre, has a history as long as nearly two hundred years. Its facial design is ud by most jing roles, chou roles(clowns)and veral sheng roles(male characters).It is quite symbolic英[sɪm'bɔlɪtiger woodsk,sɪm'bɑ:lɪk]代表性, with images of bats, swallow’ wings and butterflies wings, etc. on the face or bold猜的拼音英[bəuld] 明显的, 醒目的, 形状、颜色、线条等明显的, 轮廓突出的colours around the no or eyes. The design may cover the entire face or just part of it and, it is further classified into design of distorted [dis'tɔ:tid] adj.扭歪的,受到曲解的 face,
heroic face, gods face and clown face. There are four techniques of painting, namely, roulian, goulian, polian and molian. Roulian means applying the pigments颜料,色素(生物),色料 to the face, with striking colors on the eyebrows英[ˈaibrau]眉毛, eyes and cheeks; goulian means painting the face with brush pencil in colorful lines for such jing roles as fairies仙女, gods generals and heroes; polian is ud for ugly and brute英[bru:t] 1.畜生的;畜生般的 2.残忍的;蛮横的 3.淫荡的英文翻译在线翻译characters. with patterns of askew英[ə'skju:] 歪; 斜nos or aslant英[ə'slɑ:nt] adv.倾斜地eyes; molian. also called fenlian, means applying white powder粉 to the area around the no, usually ud for chou roles.
三 不同的颜色及化妆风格代表不同的人物特点.
Three different colors and put on make-up the style to reprent the different character characteristic
脸谱的主要特点有以下三点：
orbits
一、美与丑的矛盾统一；二、与角色的性格关系的密切；三、其图案是程式化
The styles of makeup main feature英['fi:tʃə]特点 has the following three points:First, US and clown's contradictory英[,kɔ华章培训ntrə'dɪktəri:] adj.矛盾的;抵触的 unification; Second, and the clo with the role disposition relations; Third, its design is the stylization 英['staɪ,laɪestorez] （原）n.风格上的仿效, 因袭
红色脸
象征忠义、耿直、有血性，如：“三国戏”里的关羽、《斩经堂》里的吴汉。其他：有讽刺意义，表示假好人。
The red face
symbol loyalty英['lɔagoni是什么意思iəlti]n. 1.忠诚, 忠心 2.忠于…感情, 忠心 3.要忠于…的强烈感情 and patriotism 英['peɪtri:ə,tɪzəm] n.爱国主义;爱国心, 爱国精神, straightforwardstraightforward 英[streit'fɔ:wəd]
adj. 1.(人或行为) 坦诚的；坦率的；率直的 2.简单的；易懂的；不复杂的, has the courage and uprightness, for example: “the three-country plays” in Guan Yu, "Cuts Scripture hall" in Wu Han. Other: Has the satire satire 英['sætaiə] n. 1.讽刺, 讥讽 2.讽刺作品significance, express the fal good person.
关羽（红整脸） Guan Yu (red entire face)
黑色脸
既表现性格严肃，不苟言笑，如“包公戏”里的包拯；又象征威武有力、粗鲁豪爽，如：“三国戏”里的张飞，“水浒戏”里的李逵，“杨排风”中的焦赞。
其他：表示阴阳中的阴，用于鬼魂。 肤色较黑或面貌丑陋。
The black face
as displays表现 riously, rious in speech and manner, like “Baogong plays” in Bao Zheng; Also symbolic military威武 might powerful, uncouthly英[ku:θ] （原）粗鲁的 straigh
tforward豪爽的, for example: “three-country plays” in Zhang Fei, “All Men Are Brothers play” in Li Kui, “Yang Paifeng” Jiao Zan.
