动词ing形式的用法
一)Ving形式作定语
毁车杀马 分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前。例如:
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building.
Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。
1. 表示动作(主动的、进行的动作)。
a waiting car = the car that is waiting
a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子
The girl standing there is my sister.
站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。
[注意]现在分词作定语时,它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,如果两个动作有先有后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而要用定语从句。例如:许多英语
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。
2. 表示用途:
the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室
a working method 工作方法
He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。
【比较】
过去分词作定语:
及物动词的过去分词表示被动,不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如:
That is the book written by Lu Xun.
那是鲁迅写的书。
He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。
不定式作定语:
用不定式作定语,其经常所修饰的名词、代词有:
meeting, reason, time, way, need, right, chance, decision, wish, promi, ability, anxiety, something, anything, nothing, anybody, somebody, 例如:
We have no time to lo.
我们没有时间(可以浪费)了。
That’s the plan to build the factory.
那就是建那座工厂的计划。
(二)Ving形式作宾语补足语
1. 在keep, find, notice, have, feel, hear, e, 等动词后常用Ving形式作宾语补足语。
例如:
1) The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那个老板让工人整夜地工作。
2) We found the old lady lying in bed. 我们发现那老太太躺在床上。
2. 在感官动词:e, hear, look at, notice, obrve, feel, 等及使役动词:have, make, leave, keep, 等后既可以用不定式也可以用Ving形式作宾语补足语。不定式(不带to)表示过程或动作完成,Ving形式强调进行或当时情景。例如:
I saw the lady crossing the street.
我看见那位妇人在过马路。
We heard her sing two songs.
我们听她唱了两首歌。
(三)Ving形式作主语
Ving形式具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
It is no u arguing with him.和他争论没有用。
Ving形式作主语常用于下列句型:
【句型1】
It is + 名词(或形容词) + 动名词
It is + no uno good a waste of timeso nice+ crying there.doing that.
例如:
1) It’s a waste of time waiting here. 在这里等是浪费时间。
2) It’s so nice talking to you. 很高兴和你谈话。
【句型2】
There is no + 动名词 例如:
There is no stopping of him. 无法阻拦他。
There was no telling of the difference. 无法加以区别。
【注意】
bracelets
①法语翻译在线 Ving形式和不定式都可以作主语,Ving形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。例如:
Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火)
To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作)
但在It is no u / good, not any u / good, uless 等后必须用Ving形式。
② Ving形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:
Forgetting the past means betrayal. 忘记过去就意味着背叛。
阴核(四)Ving形式作表语
Ving形式具有形容词和名词的性质,在句中可作表语。
作表语用的Ving形式有两种:一种用作名词,一种用作形容词。用作名词时,说明主语的内容,就此提问时,用what ;用作形容词时,说明主语的特征,用how进行提问。例如:
Her favourite job is teaching English.→ What is her favourite job?
It is interesting to read such a story. → How is it to read such a story?
(五)Ving形式作宾语科技园英文
Ving形式具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作宾语。
hedge
He is fond of playing football. I like swimming.
他很喜欢足球,我喜欢游泳。
【注意】
①admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excu, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practi, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t stand等动词后可以用Ving形式作宾语,但不能用不定式。
②forget, go on, like, mean, regret, remember, stop, try等动词可带Ving形式或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。试比较:
I remember doing the exerci. 我记得做过练习。
I must remember to do it. 我必须记着做这事。
I tried not to go there. 我设法不去那里。
I tried doing it again. 我试着又一次。
Stop speaking. 不要讲话。
He stopped to talk. 他停下来讲话。
I mean to come early today. 我打算今天来早些。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。
③在allow, advi, forbid, permit 等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时,要用Ving形式,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,然后在跟动词作宾语补足语时,其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。例如:
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
④动词need, require, want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,必须用Ving形式,或不定式的被动式,这时,Ving形式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如:
The window needs (requires, wants) cleaning (to be cleaned).
⑤在短语devote to, look forward to, stick to, be ud to, object to, thank you for, excu me for, be (kept) busy, be worth, have difficulty / trouble / problem(in), have a good / wonderful / hard time(in), feel like, get down to等后的动词也必须用Ving形式。例如:
英语考试质量分析
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
⑥在love, hate, prefer等动词后用Ving形式或不定式无大的区别。但说话人有所指的时候,通常用不定式。
considerdoing ⑦start, begin, continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式。
⑧在should (would) like / love等后须用不定式。
【知识拓展】
Ving形式的时态和语态
1. Ving形式的时态
Ving形式的时态分一般式和完成式两种,如果Ving形式的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词以前发生,用Ving形式的一般式。例如:ble
His coming will be of great help to us.