摘要
研究证实，全球已发现油气藏的储层大多发育天然裂缝，天然裂缝有利于流体的储集和流动。裂缝的发育关系到储层的储量和开采难度，因此裂缝的识别对油气勘探至关重要。近垂直定向排列的裂缝地层可以等效为HTI介质，即具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性介质。HTI介质中地震波速度和反射波振幅随入射角和方位角的变化而变化，裂缝的发育使储层表现出方位各向异性。所以，可以利用基于方位地震数据的叠前地震反演方法获取储层裂缝参数，进行储层裂缝预测。
论文从各向异性介质的基本类型出发，基于描述裂缝性介质的岩石物理参数，介绍了裂缝性介质地震岩石物理建模的理论框架。
反射系数近似方程是叠前地震反演的理论基础，基于裂缝性介质弹性矩阵，在方位反射系数精确方程的基础上，本文介绍了裂缝密度表征的反射系数近似方程的推导过程，并对比分析了四类含气砂岩模型的方位反射系数特征。
基于方位反射系数近似方程，笔者建立了基于裂缝密度的各向异性弹性阻抗公式，将各向异性弹性阻抗同裂缝的岩石物理参数联系起来，结合叠前方位地震数据，构建了针对裂缝性介质的裂缝密度叠前地震反演方法。模型数据和实际资料测试表明，该方法在裂缝密度叠前地震反演方面与测井真实值吻合度较高，减少了反演中间过程易产生的累积误差。
由于裂缝密度还可以通过地应力来预测，而地应力场可以通过裂缝弱度预测，因此，针对裂缝性介质中裂缝参数反演不稳定的问题，论文结合贝叶斯理论，提出了裂缝弱度叠前同步反演方法。模型试算和实际资料测试表明，该方法具有较好的稳定性和可靠性。
关键词：裂缝性介质，方位各向异性，叠前同步反演，裂缝密度
Study on Methodology of Pre-stack Seismic Inversion
for Fractured Medium
Tang Jie(Geophysics)
Directed by Prof. Wu Guochen
南是哪个省的简称Abstract
Studies have confirmed that most of the rervoirs found in the world have natural fractures, and natural fractures are favorable for fluid storage and flow. The development of fractures is related to the rerves and mining difficulties of rervoirs, so the identification of fractures is very important for oil and gas exploration. The vertically oriented fracture formation can be equivalent to a HTI medi
um, which is a transverly isotropic medium with a horizontal symmetry axis. In the HTI medium, the velocity of ismic wave and the amplitude of reflected wave vary with the incidence angle and azimuth angle. The development of fractures results in azimuthal anisotropy. Therefore, the pre stack ismic inversion method bad on azimuth ismic data can be ud to obtain rervoir fracture parameters and predict rervoir fractures.
Bad on the basic types of anisotropic medium and bad on the rock physical parameters describing the fractured medium, the theoretical framework of ismic rock physical modeling in fractured medium is introduced.
The approximate equation of reflection coefficient is the theoretical basis of pre stack ismic inversion. Bad on the elastic matrix of fractured medium, bad on the exact equation of the azimuth reflection coefficient, this paper introduces the deduction process of the approximate equation of the reflection coefficient of the characterization of the fracture density, and compares and analyzes the characteristics of the azimuth reflection coefficient of the four types of gas bearing sandstone models.
Bad on the approximate equation of the azimuth reflection coefficient, the author established the apants什么意思
nisotropic elastic impedance formula bad on the crack density, connected the anisotropic elastic impedance to the rock physical parameters of the crack, and combined with the pre stack azimuth ismic data to construct a pre stack ismic inversion method for the fractured medium. The model data and the actual data test show that the method is in good
agreement with the true log value in the ismic inversion of the fracture density before the stack density, and reduces the accumulation error easily produced in the intermediate process.
Becau the fracture density can also be predicted by the ground stress, the ground stress field can be predicted by the crack weakness. Therefore, in view of the problem of the unstable inversion of the fracture parameters in the fractured medium, this paper prents a method for the simultaneous inversion of the crack weakness by using the Bayesian theory. Model test and actual data test show that the method has good stability and reliability.
Keywords: Fractured media, Azimuthal anisotropy, Pre-stack synchronization inversion，Fracture parameters
目录
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 研究背景和意义 (1)
1.2 研究历史和现状 (1)
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1.3 论文研究内容 (4)
nuts是什么意思第二章裂缝性介质叠前地震反演基础 (5)
2.1 各向异性的基本类型 (5)
2.1.1 极端各向异性介质 (5)
2.1.2 单斜各向异性介质 (6)
2.1.3 正交各向异性介质 (6)
2.1.4 横向各向同性介质 (6)
2.1.5 各向同性介质 (7)
2.2 裂缝性介质地震岩石物理模型 (7)
2.2.1 岩石基质等效模型 (9)
上海高中辅导
2.2.2 孔隙流体等效模型 (11)
2.2.3 岩石骨架模型 (11)
2.2.4 饱和岩石模型 (15)
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2.3 本章小结 (16)
玉婆
第三章裂缝性介质平面波方位特征 (17)
3.1 裂缝性介质弹性矩阵构建方法 (17)
3.1.1 Hudson理论 (18)
3.1.2 Thomn理论 (20)
3.1.3 线性滑动理论 (22)
3.1.4 三大理论的区别与联系 (23)
3.2 裂缝性介质反射系数近似方程推导 (25)
3.2.1 HTI介质弹性波反射透射方程的推导过程 (25)
3.2.2 裂缝密度表征的反射系数近似方程推导过程 (33)
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3.2.3 裂缝性介质反射系数特征对比分析 (35)
第四章裂缝密度叠前地震反演方法 (39)
4.1 裂缝密度叠前地震反演方法 (39)
4.1.1 地震数据预处理 (39)
4.1.2 测井数据预处理 (40)
4.1.3 井震标定和子波提取 (40)
4.1.4 方位低频模型的建立 (41)
4.1.5 基于方位弹性阻抗的裂缝密度反演方法 (42)
4.2 模型试算 (43)
4.3 实际资料测试 (47)
4.4 本章小结 (50)
第五章裂缝弱度叠前同步反演方法 (51)
5.1 叠前同步反演理论基础 (51)continue
5.1.1 建立正演模型 (51)
5.1.2 岩石物理模型的建立 (52)
5.2 叠前同步反演方法 (53)
5.2.1 地震叠前正演模型 (53)
5.2.2 叠前地震同步反演 (55)
5.3 模型试算 (56)
5.4 实际资料测试 (59)
5.5 本章小结 (59)
结论与认识 (61)
twink参考文献 (62)
攻读硕士学位期间取得的学术成果 (65)
致谢 (66)
