rocket man英语基本文学词汇表（中英文对照）
Allegory 寓言
一种诗体或散文体的故事,其人物、行为或背景代表某些抽象的意义或伦理。因此每个寓言都有两层意义：字面意义和象征意义。约翰trust.班扬的《天路历程》就是一部著名的寓言。
A tale in ver or pro in which characters, actions, or ttings reprent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. The most famous allegory in English literature is John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress.
Alliteration 头韵
头韵一组词中相同或相似辅音或辅音组的重复。有时该词仅指词首辅音的重复。如The sun sank slowly中即使用了头韵法—s音的重复。又如著名英国女作家奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）也是典型的头韵法。
The repetition of similar sounds, usually consonants or consonant clusters, in a group of words. Sometimes the term is limited to the repetition of initial consonant sounds. When alliteration occurs at the beginning of words, it is called initial alliteration; when it occurs within words, it is called internal or hidden alliteration. It usually occurs on stresd syllables. A well-known example of alliteration is the story Pride and Prejudice from Jane Austin.
Allusion 典故
诗文中对出自历史、地理、文学、宗教的人物、地点、事件或文学作品的暗指或引用。如麦克白（Macbeth）第一幕中，罗斯（Ross）称赞麦克白在战斗中的勇敢与高超技艺，称他是“贝娄娜（Bellona）的新郎”，即是在引用典故，因为在罗马神话中，贝娄娜是战争女神。
A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to. An allusion may be drawn from history, geography, literature, or religion. In Act One of Macbeth, Ross prais Macbeth’s valor and skill in bat
tle by referring to him as “Bellona’s bridegroom”. IN Roman mythology Bellona ws the goddess of war.
Analogy 类比
将两个事物相比以显示其间的相似之处。类比常用来解释（通过比较熟悉的事物来说明不熟悉的事物）或辩论(通过一件事情的真实性证明另件事情的真实性)生命在于运动英语。E.M.福斯特（E.M. Froster）在《论英国人的性格》（Notes on the English Character）一文中把英国人的性格与大海作了一番比较，所使用的手法即是类比。
A comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them. Analogies are often ud for illustration (to explain something unfamiliar by comparing it to something familiar) or for argument (to persuade that what holds true for one thing holds true for the thing to which it is compared). In Notes on the English Character, E.M. Forster develops an analogy between the a and the English character.
Antagonist 反面人物，敌手
故事中反对主人公的人物或力量，即男主角或女主角的对手。如伊阿古（rigolIago）是《奥塞罗》（Othello）中的主要反面人物，处心积虑地陷害奥塞罗，是奥塞罗的敌人。
A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative; a rival of the hero or heroine. Famous antagonists in literature include Professor Moriarty, Sherlock Holmes’s antagonist in Arthur Conan Doyle’s detective stories, and Iago, Othello’s antagonist in the literary work Othello.
Antithesis frosting对偶
两个相互比照的思想、词语、词组或句子的并列。对偶通常用一个对称的句子来表达，即用相同或相似的语法结构来表达相互比照的思想。如：亚历山大.蒲伯（Alexander Pope）在其《批评论》（Essay on Criticism）中即用了一个很有名的对偶句“To err is human , to forgive divine”(人非圣贤，孰能无过)。
The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words, phras, or ntences. An antithesis is often expresd in a balanced ntence, that is , a ntence in which identical or similar
grammatical structure is ud to express contrasting ideas. A famous example of antithesis is this line from Alexander Pope’s Essay on Criticism: “ To err is human, to forgive divine.”
Aphorism格言，警句
一句表达对于生活的真知灼见的简练的话语，通常采取定义的形式。如：弗朗西斯.培根（Francis Bacon）的名言：“Silence is the virtue of fools”。（沉默是傻瓜们的优点。）
A conci, Pointed statement expressing a wi or clever obrvation about life. For example, “Silence is the virtue of fools”.
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Apostrophe 呼语法
指在演说或文章中用第二人称称呼不在场的人物或拟人化事物的手法。如：拜伦（George Gordon Byron）在《恰尔德.哈罗德游记》（Childe Harald’s Pilgrimage）中对海洋说，“Roll on, thee deep and dark blue Ocean-roll”,即是使用了呼语法。
A figure of speech in which an abnt or a dead person, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman is addresd directly. George Gordon Byron us apostrophe in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage when he address the ocean: “Roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean-roll!”
Aside 旁白
指戏剧中，剧中人物低声或直接对着观众所说的话，舞台上的其他任务被假设听不见。这种手法常被用来向观众披露人物的内心情感，因此旁白者被设定是在讲真话。
regard asIn drama, lines spoken by a character in an undertone or directly to the audience. An aside is meant to be heard by the audience, but it is suppodly not heard by the other characters onstage.
Assonance 谐音
指相同或相似的元音的重复，尤指诗歌中元音压韵，辅音不压韵的情况。如约翰·济慈（John Keats）的《希腊古瓮颂》（Ode on a Grecian Urnprocal）中的诗句：“Thou foster child
考研英语听力of silence and slow time”.
The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Here is an example of assonance from John Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn: Thou foster child of silence and slow time.
Atmosphere 基调，总体艺术效果
指文学作品所渲染的总体气愤或感觉。基调通常，至少部分，是通过描写背景来达成的。如在格雷厄姆·格林(Graham Greene)的《过桥》（Across the Bridge）中，他通过描写故事的发生地，一个灰蒙蒙、脏兮兮的小镇，为小说创造了一种没落、无聊的基调。
The prevailing mood or feeling of a literary work. Atmosphere is often developed, at least in part, through descriptions of tting. Such descriptions help to create an emotional climate for the work that rves to establish the reader’s expectations and attitudes. For example, in Across the Bridge, Graham Greene develops an atmosphere of decay and boredom with descriptions of the dusty, shabby town in which the story is t.
