ourlf古代印度——造船和航海
In Ancient India there existed a strange belief that if any Hindu crosd the as, he would lo his religion. When and why this belief came into being is not known. But taking a clo look at out nation's maritime history we find evidence of a very large number of Indians who should have had lost their religion as they had crosd the as to trade and build empires in distant lands.
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古代印度存在着一种奇怪的信仰，如果任何印度人横过了大海，他会丧失了他自己的宗教。何时和为何会出现这种信仰，我们不得而之。但看看我们民族的航海历史，我们就会发现很多印度人会失去他们自己的宗教的证据，那是因为他们曾经横过大海去贸易，在遥远的地方建立过帝国。
my favourite asonNot only did the enterprising Indians, not lo their religion but they made India into one of the forem
英译中翻译ost maritime nations of tho days and spread Indian culture overas.
不仅是没有让这些有进取心的印度人会失去他们的宗教，而且他们还会令印度成为当时最重要的航海国家之一，把印度文化延伸到海外。
In tho days India had colonies, in Cambodia (Kambuja in Sanskrit) in Java, (Chavakam or Yava dwipa) in Sumatra, in Borneo, Socotra (Sukhadhara) and even in Japan. Indian traders had established ttlements in Southern China, in the Malayan Peninsula, in Arabia, in Egypt, in Persia, etc., Through the Persians and Arabs, India had cultivated trade relations with the Roman Empire.
巴不得在那些日子里，印度在高棉（即束埔寨），在爪哇，在苏门答腊岛，在婆罗洲，在索科特拉岛，甚至在日本都有殖民地（梵语里叫卡布加）。印度商人已经在中国南部，在马来半岛，在阿拉伯半岛，在埃及，波斯等确立了殖民地，通过波斯和阿拉伯，印度已经与罗马帝国建立了贸易关系。
Sanskrit and Pali literature has innumerable references to the maritime activity of Indians in ancient times. There is also one treati in Sanskrit, named Yukti Kalpa Taru which has been compiled by a person called Bhoja Narapati. (The Yukti Kalpa Taru (YKT) had been translated and published by Prof. Aufrecht in his
'Catalogue of Sanskrit Manu scripts. An excellent study of the YKT had been undertaken by Dr. Radha Kumud Mookerji entitled 'Indian Shipping'. Published by Orient Longman, Bombay in 1912.)
梵语和巴利语文献已经无数次地提到了古代印度的海上活动。也有一篇叫Yukti Kalpa Taru的梵语论文，是由一位叫Bhoja Narapati的人编成。（Yukti Kalpa Taru (YKT)已经由Aufrecht翻译和在他的“梵语《摩奴法典》手稿目录”里面，是在Radha Kumud Mookerji博士下
的一种卓越研究，题目是“印度航海业”，于1912年在孟买的东方朗
文出版社出版。）
A panel found at Mohenjodaro, depicting a sailing craft. Vesls were of many types Their construction is vividly described in the Yukti Kalpa Taru an ancient Indian text on Ship-building.
unique什么意思发现在摩哼佐达罗(Mohenjodaro)的一种面版，描绘了一种航行工艺。他们有很多建造类型的船，广泛地在古印度文献Yukti Kalpa Taru的造船业部分描述。
This treati gives a technocratic exposition on the technique of shipbuilding. It ts forth minute details about the various types of ships, their sizes, the materials from which they were built. The Yukti Kalpa Taru sums up in a condend form all the available information
这篇文章广泛地收集了造船业技术的内容。它详细地描述了各种不同类型的船的细节，它们的大小，建造材料等。Yukti Kalpa Taru浓缩地总结出所有可利用的资料。
The Yukti Kalpa Taru gives sufficient information and date to prove that in ancient times, Indian shipbuilders had a good
knowledge of the materials which were ud in building ships. Apart from describing the qualities of the different types of wood and their suitability in shipbuilding, the Yukti Kalpa Taru also gives an elaborate classification of ships bad on their size.
Yukti Kalpa Taru给了充分的资料去证明在古代，印度造船者已经对造船材料有良好的认识。Yukti Kalpa Taru除了描述了各种不同类型木材的质量和它们相配的船只之外，还以船的大小来对船作了精确的分类。cough
The primary division is into 2 class viz. Samanya (ordinary) and Vishesha (Special). The ordinary type for a voyages. Ships that undertook a voyages were classified into, Dirgha type of ships which had a long and narrow hull and the Unnata type of ships which had a higher hull.
最初是分成两大类：Samanya（普通）和Vishesha（特别）。普通类型用于航海，是能承受航海的船。Dirgha类型的船拥有长而狭窄的船体，Unnata类型的船是船体更加狭窄的船。
The treati also gives elaborate directions for decorating and furnishing the ships with a view to making them comfortable for pasngers. Also mentioned are details about the internal ating and accommodation to be provided on the ships. Three class of ships are distinguished according to their length and the position of cabins. The ships having cabins extending from one end of the
介词英语
deck to the other are called Sarvamandira vesls.
七年级上册英语电子书这篇论文也详细描绘了船只的装饰和陈设，是站在旅客舒适的角度来考虑，也详细地提及到船只提供的内部座位和膳宿。三种类型的船是按照它们的长度和船舱位置来划分。船舱从一边甲板延伸到另一边的船就叫做Sarvamandira船。
The ships are recommended for the transport of royal treasure and hors. The next are the Madhyamarnandira vesls which have cabins only in the middle part of their deck. the vesls are recommended for pleasure trips. And finally there is a category of Agramandira vesls, the ships were ud mainly in warfare.computer browr
这些船只被推荐用作运送皇家珠宝和马。下一种是Madhyamarnandira船，只有在甲板中间拥有船舱，这种船被推荐用作愉快的旅行。最后有一种类别为Agramandira的船，这些船主要是用来作战。
