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《关于定语从句的几点透析》英国广播公司
科研小组成员: 杨威 董慧 李秀芳 朱美静
小组负责人:张赫男
定语从句的几点透析
定语从句是一种修饰性的从句，其主要功能是作名词或代词的后置定语。它在英语中用得相当普遍，如何正确理解和应用定语从句，是一个比较复杂的问题，定语从句是高中英语教学中的重点和难点，又是历年高考考查的重点内容，下面就师生都感到棘手的几个问题做如下探究，希望对大家的教学与学习有所帮助。
一． from which 还是 from where ?
Soon after getting off his hor, the captain appeared at the cond-storey windows ,from where多看书的好处 he could e nothing but trees.
定语从句相当于“…, and from at the cond windows…’’直接where 不如用 from where 更具体。
She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
定语从句相当于“…,and from on the top of the hill”或“from on the top of which…”
不等于 from which,也可以用where 引导，但语义含糊，不如用from where 更加生动形象具体。
We went up to the roof,from where we had a good view of the procession.
China is the birthplace of kites,from where kiteflying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡，风筝从中国传到日本﹑朝鲜﹑泰国和印度。
这里from于下文的spread to 构成一个整体，可以理解为from near/around this place,如若
把 from where 改为 where 显然是讲不通的，改为from which 能讲得通，但不符合英语习惯。（有时为了表示清楚具体的时间，可以在关系副词前加介词from.）
swordThe car stopped suddenly only a few inches from where I stood.
那辆小汽车在距我站的地方仅几英寸处突然停下来。
1. I saw a woman running towards me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was ,she had run back in the direction____ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
2. They all climbed to the top of the tower, they could e ___ was happening in the distance.
A .where; all what B. from where; what C. which; all D. from which; that
◆3. The sun is a star from which we get heat and energy.
◆ 如果定语从句的先行词是一个名词，那么定语从句用which 引导；如果定语从句的先行词是一个介词短语 那麽定语从句用where 引导。
二．but ：关系代词 = who….not
ceo全称
= that….not
There is no one of us but wishes to go.我们人人都想去。
There is no rule but has some exceptions. 任何规则都有例外。
◆ but 本身作先行词引出定语从句。“没有不…的”定语从句的谓语动词与先行词一致。
三．as much +a(an) +n单数+ as…
as much +不可数名词 +as…
在此表程度。汉语意思为“象…一样”“如同”;
It`s just as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as (it is) to win Olympic medals. (定语从句)
It`s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as（it is）a science. (状语从句)
Getting rid of a bad habit is as much a struggle as forming a good one (is) . (定语从句)
◆在定语从句中，关系代词as作句子成分；在状语从句中，as 只引导从句不作句子成分。
四．定语从句与不定式之间的转换；
1.Here is the money with which to buy a piano.
=Here is the money to buy a piano.
=Here is the money with which we can buy a piano.
hamada
2 .She is the right person on whom to depend.
=She is the right person to depend on.
=She is the right person on whom you can depend.
=She is the person whom you can depend on.
3 In the dark street, there was no one to whom she could turn for help.
= In the dark street, there was no one whom she could turn for help to .
4 ----Why does she always ask you for help?
----There is no one el_____,is there?
A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn
5.Without facts,we can not form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge
_________our thinking.
toll A.which to be bad on B.to which to be bad
C.which to ba upon D.upon which to ba.
◆英语中有时为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词。
五．Way 引出的定语从句。
We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful．（定语从句）
The way in which you answered the questions was admirable. （定语从句）
I don’t like the way(that) he speaks to me. （定语从句）
What do you think of the way he talks? （定语从句）
In 1770，the room was completed the way she wanted. (状语从句)
◆ the way 作先行词时，如果定语从句缺少主语或宾语用which/that 引导；如果缺少状语用in which/that/省略先行词/引导定语从句。
◆ 此外，the way 还能引导状语从句。
商誉会计六．1．当定语从句中含有介词, 介词放在句末时, who, that, which可省略, tisrand但介词在关系代词前时, 只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
Plea tell me from whom you borrowed the novel.请告知你从谁那里借的这本小说。
2．含有介词的固定动词词组中, 介词不可前置, 只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
3．that 作介词的宾语时, 介词不能放它的前面, 只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
◆介词的选择有两个来源
1.与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。
2.与从句中的谓语动词的搭配密切相关。
七.choo选准关系代词和关系副词
在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词which/that来连接从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词when/where来连接从句。例如：
1. I still remember the days (which / that) we spent together.
2. I still remember the days when/in which we worked together.
3. He lives in the hou (that /which) his father bought 10 years ago.
