Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist, and
Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. His main legacy was to cure progress on civil rights in the United States, and he has become a human rights icon: King is recognized as a martyr by two Christian churches.[1] A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, rving as its first president. King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. There, he raid public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himlf as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history.
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In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial gregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-vi
olent means. By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocud his efforts on ending poverty and the Vietnam War, both from a religious perspective. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tenne. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and Congressional Gold Medal in 2004; Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a U.S. national holiday in 1986.
Populist tradition and Black populism
Harry C. Boyte, a lf-proclaimed populist, field cretary of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and white civil rights activist describes an episode in his life that gives insight on some of King's influences:
My first encounter with deeper meanings of populism came when I was nineteen, working as a field cretary for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in St. Augustine, Florida in 1964. One day I was caught by five men and a woman who were members of the Ku Klux Klan. They accud me of being a "communist and a Yankee." I replied, "I'm no Yankee – my family has been in the South since before the Revolution. A
nd I'm not a communist. I'm a populist. I believe that blacks and poor whites should join to do something about the big shots who keep us divided." For a few minutes we talked about what such a movement might look like. Then they let me go.betweenand
When he learned of the incident, Martin Luther King, head of SCLC, told me that he identified with the populist tradition and assigned me to organize poor whites.
Thurmanbirthdate
Civil rights leader, theologian, and educator Howard Thurman was an early influence on King. A classmate of King's father at Morehou College, Thurman mentored the young King and his friends. Thurman's missionary work had taken him abroad where he had met and conferred with Mahatma Gandhi. When he was a student at Boston University, King often visited Thurman, who was the dean of Marsh Chapel. Walter Fluker, who has studied Thurman's writings, has stated, "I don't believe you'd get a Martin Luther King, Jr. without a Howard Thurman".
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Gandhi and Rustinphotoshop培训
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Inspired by Gandhi's success with non-violent activism, King visited Gandhi's birthplace in India in 1959, with assistance from the Quaker group the American Friends Service Committee. The trip to India affected King in a profound way, deepening his understanding of non-violent resistance and his commitment to America's struggle for civil rights. In a radio address made during his final evening in India, King reflected, "Since being in India, I am more convinced than ever before that the method of nonviolent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppresd people in their struggle for justice and human dignity. In a real n, Mahatma Gandhi embodied in his life certain universal principles that are inherent in the moral structure of the univer, and the principles are as inescapable as the law of gravitation." African American civil rights activist Bayard Rustin, who had studied Gandhi's teachings, counled King to dedicate himlf to the principles of non-violence, rved as King's main advisor and mentor throughout his early activism, and was the main organizer of the 1963 March on Washington.Rustin's open homoxuality, support of democratic socialism, and his former ties to the Communist Party USA caud many white and African-American leaders to demand King distance himlf from Rustin.
thursdaysMontgomery Bus Boycott, 1955
In March 1955, a fifteen-year-old school girl, Claudette Colvin, refud to give up her bus at to a white man in compliance with the Jim Crow laws. King was on the committee from the Birmingham African-American community that looked into the ca; Edgar Nixon and Clifford Durr decided to wait for a better ca to pursue. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her at. The Montgomery Bus Boycott, urged and planned by Nixon and led by King, soon followed.The boycott lasted for 385 days, and the situation became so ten that King's hou was bombed. King was arrested during this campaign, which ended with a United States District Court ruling in Browder v. Gayle that ended racial gregation on all Montgomery public bus.翻译词
March on Washington, 1963
salt国防大学录取分数线King, reprenting SCLC, was among the leaders of the so-called "Big Six" civil rights organizations who were instrumental in the organization of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which took place on August 28, 1963. The other leaders and organizations comprising the Big Six were: Roy Wilkins from the National Association for t
he Advancement of Colored People; Whitney Young, National Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC; and James L. Farmer, Jr. of the Congress of Racial Equality. The primary logistical and strategic organizer was King's colleague Bayard Rustin. For King, this role was another which courted controversy, since he was one of the key figures who acceded to the wishes of President John F. Kennedy in changing the focus of the march. Kennedy initially oppod the march outright, becau he was concerned it would negatively impact the drive for passage of civil rights legislation, but the organizers were firm that the march would proceed.
