Isaac Bashevis Singer
Isaac Bashevis Singer |
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Bornsupernova | November 21, 1902(1902-11-21)
Leoncin, Congress Poland |
Died | July 24, 1991(1991-07-24) (aged 88)
Surfside, Florida, USA |
Occupation | Novelist, short story writer |
Language | underprivileged Yiddish |
Ethnicity | Polish Jew |
Citizenship | United States |
Genres | Fictional pro |
Notable work(s) | The Magician of Lublin
A Day of Pleasure |
拖延症基因找到了Notable award(s) | Nobel Prize in Literature
1978 |
heaven什么意思· Chekhov, Dostoyevsky, Hamsun, Mann, Maupassant, Spinoza, Tolstoy, Turgenev |
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Isaac Bashevis Singer (Yiddish: יצחק באַשעװיס זינגער; November 21, 1902 (e notes below) – July 24, 1991) was a Polish-born, Jewish-American author. He was a leading figure in the Yiddish literary movement and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978.[1] He won two U.S. National Book Awards, one in Children's Literature for his memoir A Day Of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw[2] and one in Fiction for his collection A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories.[3]
Biography
Early life
Isaac Bashevis Singer was born in 1902 in Leoncin village near Warsaw, Poland, then part of the Russian Empire. A few years later, the family moved to a nearby Polish town of Radzymin, which is often and erroneously given as his birthplace. The exact date of his birth is uncertain, but most probably it was November 21, 1902, a date that Singer gave both to his official biographer Paul Kresh,[4] and his cretary Dvorah Telushkin.[5] It is al
so consistent with the historical events he and his brother refer to in their childhood memoirs. The often-quoted birth date, July 14, 1904 was made up by the author in his youth, most probably to make himlf younger to avoid the draft.
His elder siblings—brother Israel Joshua Singer (1893–1944) and sister Esther Kreitman (1891–1954)--were also writers. Esther was the first in the family to write stories.
The family moved to the court of the Rabbi of Radzymin in 1907, where his father became head of the Yeshiva. After the Yeshiva building burned down in 1908, the family moved to Krochmalna Street in the Yiddish速度与激情7 票房-speaking poor Jewish quarter of Warsaw, where Singer grew up. There his father acted as a rabbi — i.e., judge, arbitrator仲裁人, religious authority and spiritual leader.[8]
World War I
In 1917, becau of the hardships of World War I, the family split up. Singer moved with his mother and younger brother Moshe to his mother's hometown of Biłgoraj, a traditional
Jewish town or shtetl, where his mother's brothers had followed his grandfather as rabbis. When his father became a village rabbi again in 1921, Singer went back to Warsaw, where he entered the Tachkemoni Rabbinical Seminary and soon decided that neither the school nor the profession suited him. He returned to Biłgoraj, where he tried to support himlf by giving Hebrew lessons, but soon gave up and joined his parents, considering himlf a failure. In 1923 his older brother Israel Joshua arranged for him to move to Warsaw to work as a proofreader for the Literarische Bleter, of which he was an editor.
United States
In 1935, four years before the German invasion and the Holocaust, Singer emigrated from Poland to the United States due to the growing Nazi threat in neighboring Germany. The move parated the author from his common-law first wife Runia Pontsch and son Israel Zamir (b.1929), who instead went to Moscow and then Palestine (they would meet in 1955). Singer ttled in 新托福口语模板New York, where he took up work as a journalist and columnist
for The Forward (פֿאָרװערטס), a Yiddish-language newspaper. After a promising start, he became despondent and felt for some years "Lost in America" (title of a Singer novel, in Yiddish from 1974 onward, in English 1981). In 1938, he met Alma Wasrmann (born Haimann) {b.1907-d.1996}, a German-Jewish refugee from Munich whom he married in 1940. After the marriage he returned to prolific writing and to contributing to the Forward, using, besides "Bashevis," the pen names "Varshavsky" and "D. Segal."[11] They lived for many years in the Belnordwww 775 com on Manhattan's Upper West Side. In 1981, Singer delivered a commencement address at the University at Albany, and was prented with an honorary doctorate.西安的托福学习机构
Singer died on July 24, 1991 in Surfside, Florida, after suffering a ries of strokes. He was buried in Cedar Park Cemetery, Emerson.[14][15]counterattack A street in Surfside, Floridaqp是什么意思 is named Isaac Singer Boulevard in his honor. The full academic scholarship for undergraduate students at the University of Miami is named in his honor.
Writing
Singer's first published story won the literary competition of the "literarishe bletter" and garnered him a reputation as a promising talent. A reflection of his formative years in "the kitchen of literature"[5] can be found in many of his later works. I. B. Singer published his first novel Satan in Goray in installments in the literary magazine Globus, which he cofounded with his life-long friend, the Yiddish poet Aaron Zeitlin in 1935. It tells the story of events in 1648 in the village of Goraj (clo to Biłgoraj), where the Jews of Poland lost a third of their population in a cruel uprising by Cossacks, and details the effects of the venteenth-century faraway fal messiah Shabbatai Zvi on the local population. Its last chapter imitates the style of medieval Yiddish chronicle. With a stark depiction of innocence crushed by circumstance, the novel appears to foreshadow coming danger. In his later work The Slave (1962), Singer returns to the aftermath of 1648, in a love story between a Jewish man and a Gentile woman, where he depicts the traumatized and desperate survivors of the historic catastrophe with even deeper understanding.
