A complete bearing asmbly consisting of four basic component parts, the outerrace (cup), the inner race (cone), the tapered rollers and the spacer-retainer for the rollers (cage).
完整的轴承套件包括四个轴承基本部件，外圈、内圈、圆锥滚子和保持架
A back to up
ABRASIVE BLASTING:
Process for removing scale from product after heat treatment and prior to grinding; product pieces are placed in a tumbler that bombards the surface with high velocity metal shot particles. This process also acts as a tempering or stabilizing process. (Also called Shotblasting)
磨料喷砂法：热处理之后磨削之前去除产品表面氧化皮的工序；把工件放进滚筒里，用高速金属磨料喷击表面。这道工序也起到回火或退火处理的作用。（也叫喷丸处理）
ABRASIVE WEARING:
Damage to bearing parts caud by fine foreign particles which get in through badly worn or defective al and/or lubricants.
磨料磨损：由于密封磨损或损坏以及润滑剂失效而导致外界细小磨粒进入轴承内部从而引起轴承部件的损伤。
ACCIDENT:
The occurrence in a quence of events that usually produces unintended injury, death, or property damage.
九年级英语第二单元意外事故：在一系列的事件当中发生的产品意外伤害、毁坏或者功能损失。
ACID ETCH:
The process of checking surface of ground product for cracks or burns by u of a ries of acids or neutralizers. Also called Nital Etch.
酸蚀：指使用一系列的酸或者中和剂来检查研磨产品表面裂纹或者烧伤的工序。也叫酸洗。
ACME SCREW MACHINE: (See: Automatic Screw Machine )
ACME 冲切机：(参考：自动冲切机)
ADDITIVE:
A chemical added in small quantities to cutting fluids to impart certain properties.
添加剂：一种化学品，少量增加到切削液中以影响切削液的某些特性。
AGING:
The process of running product through low temperature air draw furnaces for the purpo of relieving stress which was caud in the hardening operation. The process stabilizes the microstructure of the product so it will retain desired dimensions during u. Also called tempering or drawing.
时效处理：指让产品通过低温通风炉以释放淬火造成的应力的工艺。这道工艺可以稳定产品的内部微观结构，在实际工作中能保持产品的尺寸稳定性。也称为回火。
AIR COOL:
To cool by passing air over, into, around or through; cooling hot product to room temperature using air as a quenching medium.
空气冷却：用空气作为冷却介质，通过空气使高温的产品冷却到室温。
ALL PURPOSE BEARING:
The Timken Company "AP" Bearing; a lf-contained pre-asmbled, pre-adjusted, pre-lubricated, completely aled unit. Applied to and removed from an axle without exposing
the bearing elements, al or lubricant to contamination or damage.
多功能轴承：Timken 公司“AP”轴承，是一种成套的预装配、预调整、预润滑、完全密封的轴承，在轴承安装和拆卸过程中避免了轴承部件、密封或润滑油的污染或者损坏。
ALLOY:
A substance with metallic properties compod of two or more chemical elements at least one of which is metal.
合金：由一种金属跟另一种或几种金属或非金属所组成的具有金属特性的物质。
ALLOY STEEL:
A steel containing iron and carbide plus one or more other metals such as nickel, chromium, or molybdenum. The Timken Company is a world leader in the production of high quality alloy steel.
合金钢：指钢中含有铁，碳，以及镍、铬、钼等一种或多种其他的合金元素。Timken 公司是全球领先的高质量合金钢的生产商。
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE - ANSI:
An agency that develops standards and requirements regarding all things which affect th
e health and safety of associates.
美国国家标准协会：开发制定影响会员健康和安全的相关标准和需求的一个机构。
ANNEAL:
Process of heating metal to a given temperature and then controlling the cooling of same metal so the product is softened properly for machining. (See: 80% Anneal )
退火：金属热处理的一道工序, 将金属加热到特定的温度后冷却并控制冷却的速度，以达到软化效果提高金属可加工性。(参考：80%退火)
80% ANNEAL:
Tempering operation; process of heating product to remove hydrogen from railroad product so the product does not crack.
80% 退火：回火操作；加热去氢以达到用于铁路的产品不易碎裂的目的。
ANTI-FRICTION BEARING:
All roller bearings are anti-friction devices; designed to prevent or minimize friction in machine operations through the u of rolling contact. If friction is not minimized, excessive heat and wear will verely limit the life and ufulness of machines.
抗磨轴承：所有的滚动轴承都是抗磨轴承，通过滚动接触设计来防止或减少工作时产生的摩擦。过多的摩擦会产生过多的热量和磨损，从而严重限制机器的寿命和性能。
ANVIL:
A small piece of ground and lapped steel attached to the frame of a micrometer; rves as a flat, fixed point from which measurements can be taken.
铁砧：一小块经过研磨和抛光的铁块，附于千分尺上面作为平直固定的测量参考点。
APEX:
The common point on the axis of a bearing where angular lines of each of the various tapered roller surfaces meet.
顶点：轴承中心线和圆锥轴承滚子表面延长线的交点。
APICES:
Plural of Apex.
顶点：APICES 是Apex 的复数形式。
AP BEARING: (See: All Purpo Bearing )
多功能轴承：（参考All Purpo Bearing）
ASSEMBLED BEARING:
A complete bearing asmbly consisting of four basic component parts, the outer race (cup), the inner race (cone), the tapered rollers and the spacer-retainer for the rollers (cage). The "AP" Bearing also contains a spacer, al, al wear rings, axle end cap, cap screws, locking plate and backing ring.
成套轴承：完整的轴承套件包括四个轴承基本部件，外圈、内圈、圆锥滚子和保持架。AP 轴承还集成了隔圈、密封、密封耐磨环、轴端盖、端盖螺钉、锁定板以及后挡环等部件。
ASSEMBLY DEPARTMENT:
商务英语论文Final Asmbly and Inspect Department which takes finished bearing components (cones, rollers, and cages) and asmbles and inspects them for final shipment to the customer.
装配部门： 指最终装配和检验部门，负责检验和装配轴承部件(内外圈、滚子和保持架)，以备最后发货给客户。
ATMOSPHERE:
Elements that make up the air in a confined locality such as in a furnace.
气体环境：一个有限的空间如熔炉里的空气的组成成分。
ATMOSPHERE CONTROLLED FURNACE:
Furnace which us endothermic ba atmosphere which is formed by the partial reaction of a mixture of fuel, gas, and air in an externally heated, catalyst-filled chamber.
可控气体炉：一种使用由混合燃料、燃气或者空气在外部加热的催化室里部分燃烧所产生的吸热性基础气体的熔炉。
AUSTENITE:
High- temperature, solid form of steel; the non-magnetic form of iron; has the power to dissolve carbon and alloying elements.
奥氏体：一种高温的钢的固溶体，不具有铁磁性，可与碳和合金元素溶合。
AUTOMATIC SCREW MACHINE:
A Machine into which amless steel tubing is fed onto spindles; a piece of product (cup or cone) is cut off each time the machine completes a cycle. Steel is either turned or formed via carbide tooling into a cup or cone. Also called Acme Screw Machine; manufactured by the National Acme Company.
自动冲切机：无缝钢管在主轴上进给，自动冲切机一次循环可以冲切一块工件(外圈或者内圈)。它是用硬质合金刀具以旋转或者成形的方法把钢管加工成外圈或者内圈的。也称为Acme Screw Machine,由National Acme 公司生产。
AXIS:
A straight line about which an object rotates; a straight line about which the parts of a bearing are regularly arranged. The center line of a shaft rves as an axis for a bearing; the cup and housing remain stationary while the shaft and cone rotate OR the cone and shaft remain stationary and the cup and housing rotate around it. The relative motion of the cup and cone is accommodated by the rolling motion of the rollers.
轴线：物体围绕着其旋转的一条直线；轴承部件围绕着其均匀布置的一条直线。轴的中心线当作轴承的轴线；轴承外圈和轴承座静止不动而轴和内圈围绕着轴的中心线旋转，或者轴承内圈和轴静止不动而外圈和轴承座围绕着轴的中心线旋转。轴承内圈和外圈的相对运动通过滚子的滚动实现。
AXLE:
Rod or spindle on, or with which a wheel revolves; the bar connecting two opposite wheel
s. The shaft, (axle) of an automobile fits through the bore of a cone of the tapered roller bearing.
轮轴：指带轮子可以旋转的杆或轴；或指两端分别连接两个相对放置的转轮的横轴。汽车的轮轴与圆锥滚子轴承的内圈配合在一起。
AXLE END CAP:
Cast iron part ud to lock a Timken Company railroad bearing asmbly onto the end of a chassis (axle); not produced by The Timken Company, purchad from veral other companies for u with The Timken Company railroad bearing asmblies.
轴端盖:一种铸铁零件，用来锁紧Timken 公司的铁路专用轴承到轴端上；这种零件并非Timken 公司生产，而是从其他的一些公司采购，用于装配Timken 公司铁路专用轴承。
B back to up
BACK FACE-CONE:
The heavy or large outer diameter end of a cone; the wide end of a cone. With exception of unit cone.
内圈大端面：内圈中较厚或内圈外径较大的那一端面；或内圈中较宽的那一端面。多列成套内圈没有大端面之说。bombardier
BACK FACE-CUP:
The heavy end of the cup; the back face fits against the back housing when the bearing is installed for u.
外圈大端面：外圈中较厚的那一端面；或安装轴承时，与轴承座肩接触的那一端面。
BACK FACE RADIUS:
The radiud surface at the interction of the back face and the inner diameter of cone and outer diameter of cup.
端面倒角：轴承大端面与内圈内径或外圈外径相交处的圆形表面。
BACKING PLATE:
Piece of tooling that attaches to the workhead of a machine which supports the product to be ground.
支撑板：安装于机器工件座的一块工装板，用来支撑待磨工件。
BAD CHAMFER:
Chamfer that is eccentric, nicked, torn and/or undersized and which is either scrap or repair.
不良倒角：指偏心的、有刻痕或擦痕，或者尺寸偏小的倒角，这种倒角要么报废要么需要修补。
BAR:
Term ud interchangeably with tubing or steel tubing.
钢管(棒)：有时与tubing、steel tubing 同样表示钢管。
BATCH: (See: Economic Lot Size )
批：（参考：Economic Lot Size）
BATCH PROCESS:
A method of processing or production in which large quantities of material, information or goods are accumulated and then procesd to completion as a unit. Such a process is ud, for example, in the manufacturing of a variety of chemical products. (See: Continuous Process)
批处理：指将大量的材料、信息或货物先堆聚，然后作为一批次统一处理的一种工艺或者
生产方法。例如，这种工艺可以应用在生产品种很多的化学产品的场合。(参考: Continuous Process)
BEARING:
Part of a machine on which another part revolves, slides, etc. Types of bearings include: Tapered Bearings, Ball Bearings, Sleeve Bearings, Air Bearings, etc.
apolo轴承：轴承是支撑其他元件并允许其旋转、滑动的机械零件。轴承的类型包括：圆锥滚子轴承，球轴承，滑动轴承，空气轴承等。
BEARING STAND: (See: Stand)
轴承标准：（参考：Stand）
BEVEL:
An angled part or surface; to slope at an angle.
斜面：与水平面成一定角度的平面。
BEVEL PROTRACTOR:
A tool for measuring an angle or marking angles.
量角器：一种可以测量和标记角度的工具。
BILLET:
An unfinished bar or circular of steel, or iron. The Timken Company amless tubing is made from billets.
钢坯：未完成加工的钢棒或铁棒，用于生产Timken 公司的无缝钢管。
BIT: The biting, cutting or penetrating part of various tools; the moveable boring or drilling part ud in a carpenters brace; a drilling machine. Anything that curbs or restrains. Also: A computer term which refers to the smallest possible unit of information utilized by the computer.
钻头：不同工具的尖锐的部位，用于钻孔，切削及打孔；木匠用的手拉曲柄钻的可移动的钻头；一种钻孔工具。任何限制或约束。也称比特，一个计算机术语，指计算机里的信息的最小单位。
BLANK:
The circular piece of metal which has been cut from a flat piece of steel but which is not yet punched or perforated into a form nearing that of a completed cage.毛坯：从方形钢块切割而来的尚未冲压成保持架形状的圆形金属块。
BLANKER:
howoldFirst stage of operation in cage department which forms the cage; forms steel to approximate outer diameter and height, also cuts unud portion of strip into short lengths for scrap removal.
下料：保持架制造部门生产保持架的第一道工序；把毛坯切割成和保持架近似的外径和高度，同时把无用的剩料切割成短碎片以便于清理。
BLUEPRINT:
A mechanical drawing, detailed plan, or outline. Most common prints ud in the Railroad Bearing Business are Tooling Prints, or Product Prints.
蓝图：一种机械图纸，详细的平面图或轮廓。在铁路轴承业务中大多数图纸为工装图或产品图。
BLUING / BLUE UP:
Process of using blue dye to coat a surface of a master, gauge, or piece of product to check a flat, circular, or tapered surface. The results of the bluing process show surface irregularities and/or dimensional defects.
着色检查：使用蓝色染料涂在模具，量规或者产品表面以检查平面、圆面或者锥面的工序。其结果会反映出产品表面的不规则和／或尺寸误差。
BORE:
The process of enlarging an existing hole with a rotating cutting tool.
镗孔：使用旋转式切削工具扩大孔的过程。
BORE SIZE:
The inner diameter of a cone, which accommodates a shaft.
内径尺寸：轴承内圈的内孔直径，安装于轴上。
BRAD:
A thin, wire nail; sometimes peened on one end.
曲头钉：一种细金属钉；有时候一端是平头的。
BRIDGE:
The vertical portion of the cage that actually spaces each roller properly around the cone asmbly.
横梁：保持架垂直的部分，沿着内圈滚道正确隔开每一个滚子。
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BRINNEL HARDNESS TEST:
An indentation test commonly ud for soft steel and metals, which measures diameter of an indentation made by a steel ball under a given load.
硬度测试：一种针对软钢和软金属的压痕试验，给以一个钢球特定的负荷让其压迫金属，在金属表面产生压痕，测量压痕的直径可以知道金属的硬度。
BUPI WASHER:
Special piece of equipment ud to wash tooling and Unipac bearings.
BUPI 清洗器：一种特别的设备，用于清洗工装设备和Unipac 轴承。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案BURN:
A defective area caud by overheating during various grinding operations, usually causing discoloration or flat spots to the product. Some burns can only be determined by an acid test, some can be en visually; they occur on front faces, back faces, ribs, outer diameters, and inner diameters. Also called Grind Burn Injury.
烧伤：在不同的磨削过程中由于过热而造成的缺陷，这种缺陷通常造成产品表面变色或者斑点。有些烧伤只能通过酸性测试来确定，有些则肉眼可分辨；烧伤产生在小端面、大端
面、挡边、内圈表面或者外圈表面。也称为磨削烧伤。
BURNISH:
To make shiny by rubbing; gloss, polish.
磨光：通过研磨，抛光的方法来增加表面光洁度。
BURR:
A rough, raid piece or bit of metal; when a bearing is gouged it leaves raid areas of metal around the gouge which are referred to as burrs.
毛刺：指金属表面的粗糙的小金属突起；当轴承放进量规测量后，沿着量规的内表面会有轴承遗留下来的微小金属突起，这些小突起被称为毛刺。
BUTT END:
The piece of steel tube left over after the last cup or cone has been cut in the screw machine operation. Most butt ends are returned to Canton to be melted and ud again. In some cas they are saved for other manufacturing operations.
平头端：指冲切机冲切了最后一个内圈或外圈所剩下的钢管。大多数的平头端被送回Canton 熔化重新利用。在有些情况下它们被保存起来，用于其它的一些制造过程。
C back to up
CAGE:
美国签证新政策Spacer ud to maintain proper roller distribution around cone in asmbled bearing; holds unit together.
保持架：轴承组件中用于使滚子保持一定间隔分布在内圈滚道上的装置。
CAGE SCRAP:
Scrap produced during the process of stamping out cages.小学生活即将结束
保持架废弃料：在生产冲压钢保持架过程中产生的废弃料。
CARBIDE:
A very hard and brittle carbon compound molded to form cutting tools. Also ud as wear strips in gauging devices such as reference stops and surface plates.
碳化钙(工具钢)：一种坚硬且脆的碳化物，可制作切割工具。也可用在量具上刻记号。
CARBURIZING:
The process of heating steel to a high temperature for a specific period of time while in contact with a material or gas which is high in carbon content. This forces carbon into the
outer surface of the steel. Timken Bearing parts have a hard, wear resistant outer surface and a relatively soft, tough inner core.
渗碳：钢材热处理的一个工序,将钢材加热到高温并保持一段时间，期间让钢材与含碳量高的物质或气体接触。强制使碳元素进入钢材的表面。铁姆肯公司的轴承组件采用这样的热处理，使之拥有坚硬抗磨的表面和较软坚韧的内核。
CASE:
The hardened, high carbon, outer surface of a piece of metal or steel.鸭的英文
表面高碳层：钢铁或金属的坚硬高碳表层。
CAVE: (See: Nib)
凹坑：（详见：Nib）
CHAMFER:
The flat surface formed by cutting away the sharp edges of two meeting surfaces.
倒角：两个表面相交处，通过切掉尖锐边缘形成的平面。
CHAMFERING MACHINE:
A machine which completes the green turning operation; it removes the sharp edges of c
ups and cones.
倒角机：用来完成车加工的机器；它可除去外圈和内圈的尖锐边缘。
CHATTER:
Surface defect on a given piece of product; defect appears as a wavy pattern of lines.
波纹：产品表面的一种瑕疵；表现为波浪造型的曲线。
CHECKER:
A Job Checker is an appointed Application Engineer within Product Management. This Application Engineer will check the quality, accuracy, and thoroughness of your work on an engineering job.
检验员：产品管理中任命的一个工程师。他的职责是检验产品的质量，精度和整个工程作业。
CHERRY RED:
The term ud to refer to a certain temperature range of hot product; cherry red process means obrving hot product and guessing the temperature of product by its color.
樱桃红：用于表示高温产品的某个温度区间；樱桃红工序表示通过观察产品的颜色来猜测
高温工件的温度。
CHIP: (See: Spall)
碎片：（详见：spall）
CHIPS:
Scrap bits of metal which are removed during the screw machine operation and caud by metal turning operations; they are returned to Canton for reprocessing.
铁屑：在螺旋转动以及金属车削加工中产生的金属碎片。
CLOSE IN:
A quality control process which lects cages by random sample and which temporarily asmbles them into a complete bearing; purpo is to determine whether or not the asmbled bearing meets proper specifications.
保持架压合：一个质量控制流程：随机抽选保持架然后临时装配成一个完整的轴承；目的是检验装配的轴承是否满足相应规格。
COCKING:
Undesirable defect caud by blanks or cages not ated or aligned in dies properly.
歪卡：原坯或保持架没有恰当的放置在模具里而造成的未预料的瑕疵。
COLLET PAD:
Part of a green machine which has rrated teeth and which holds the steel tubing in place during the green machining operation.
机床爪钳：车床上在车加工时固定钢管的齿形夹具。
COMPLETE CHANGE:
The process of making changes necessary to produce a new part number ries. Also referred to as a t up.
完全改装：因为生产不同的产品系列而需要对机床进行必要的工序改变。
CONCENTRIC:
Circles or diameters which have identical centers.
同心的：圆周或者直径有相同的圆心。
CONE:
One of four basic components of the asmbled bearing; also referred to as the inner race. The bore of the cone accommodates the shaft, which runs through the bearing as
mbly.
内圈：轴承组件的四个基本组件之一；也可称内滚道。内圈内孔装配在运转的轴上。
CONTINUOUS PROCESS: A method of processing or production in which raw materials are continuously fed in and finished products continuously drawn off without interrupting operations. Many Timken bearing plants u continuous lines. (See: Batch Process )
流水线工作：产品生产的一种方法或工序：生产时，原材料不断进入生产线，成品不断下线。很多铁姆肯公司轴承生产厂都采用流水线生产。（详见：Batch Process）
CONTROL CHART:
A graphical chart with upper and lower limits and plotted values of some statistical measure for a ries of samples; ud in the process of monitoring temperature, gas flows, and size control. (See: X-Bar Chart , R-Bar Chart )
控制图表：针对一系列样品的统计学图表，图上有指标的上限和下限以及样品的实际测量值；用于控制温度，气体流量，尺寸控制等的工序中。（详见：X-bar chart, R-Bar chart）
CONTROLLED CONTOUR:
A profile following a designated pattern; cones that are dubbed or rounded into the undercut and recess of cone raceways; a profile following a designated pattern.
修形控制线：表面修形时参照的设计形式。内滚道上鼓起和倒圆时参照的设计形式。
CONTROLLED COOLING:
Process by which steel is cooled from an elevated temperature in a predetermined manner to avoid excessive hardening, cracking or internal damage. A process to produce a desired microstructure or mechanical properties.
强制冷却：将高温钢材强制冷却到设计温度的工序，可防止钢材硬化过度，破裂或者内部损伤。是金属产生内部设计结构和机械性能的工序。
CONTROL LIMITS:
Limits on a control chart, which is ud as criteria for judging the significance of variations between samples or subgroups.
控制界限：控制图表上的界限，通常用作判断误差的标准。
COOLANT:
Fluid ud to remove heat from tooling and pieces of product as they pass through the m
anufacturing process.
冷却液：通过流经工装和产品时带走热量的液体。
CORE:
The soft, ductile, low-carbon inner area of a hardened piece of product.
内核：渗碳产品内部的柔软的易延展的低碳的部分。
CORROSION:
The destruction of a metal by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment.
腐蚀：因金属在环境中产生化学反应或电化学反应引起的金属破坏。
CRACK:
Surface defect on product caud by improper heat treating process during the process of producing steel.
裂痕：因为热处理工艺不恰当而产生在产品表面的损伤。
CREW SHEET:
Planning sheet which lists by name the employees assigned to a given work crew.
工作成员表：列出负责某任务团队所有员工名字的计划表。
CRIB:
Unit ud to store tooling; a storage system for jobs that have to be machined ground, inspected, etc.
储存区：用于储存工装的单元；用于储存未完成工件的系统。
CRITICAL TEMPERATURE:
Temperature at which, upon heating, a steel transforms into the structure called Austenite. For most steels this occurs between 1350 degrees F. and 1500 degrees F.
临界温度：钢材加热使得内部结构产生奥氏体时的温度。通常大部分钢材的临界温度在华氏1350 度到1500 度之间。
CROWN:
A convex surface on the raceway of a cone or the outer diameter of a roller. Degree of curvature cannot be determined by the naked eye.
凸弧：滚道表面或滚子表面突起的修形。曲率无法通过肉眼来分辨。
CUP:
One of four basic components of the asmbled bearing. Also referred to as the outer rac
e; the cone asmbly fits into the cup.
外圈：轴承组件的四个基本组件之一，也称作外滚道；内圈装配在外圈里。
CUTTING FLUID: Fluid applied to a cutting tool to assist the cutting operation by cooling, lubricating, or other means.
切削液：切削时用于降温，润滑等作用的液体。
CYCLE TIME:
Amount of time product spends in a furnace at specified temperature for the purpo of carburizing or hardening product. Also total time for any machine to cycle through a ries of operations.
周期：产品在炉中某特定温度下渗碳或硬化所需要的时间。也可以指任何机器完成一系列操作所用的总时间。
