一般过去时
一.定义:一般过去时,表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或过去存在的状态。
二、Be 动词的一般过去时
I am a pilot. → I was a pilot.
He is my classmate. → He was my classmate.
They are busy. → They were busy.
(提示:was 是 am 和 is 的过去式,were 是 are 的过去式;过去式用于过去时)
【总结】构成结构一
主语+ was/were +其他
【知识点扩充】不同主语与 be 动词的过去式
I --- am --- was
he / she / it 等单数 --- is --- was
we / you / they 等复数 --- are --- were (提示:was/were 是 be 动词过去式)
二、实义动词的一般过去时
I play basketball with my brother. → I played basketball with my brother.
He goes to school by bike. → He went to school by bike.
迷你dvdWe meet Jim this morning. → We met Jim this morning.
【总结】构成结构二
主 + 动词过去式(V-ed) + 其他
【知识点扩充】
是否用过去式,只取决于是否要表达 过去时 的时态,与 主语单复数 无关。
【规则变化】
1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed
pull --- pulled(拖,拉 ) cook --- cooked ( lucky bastard 烹调,煮 )
listen --- listened( 听 ) visit --- visited( 参观,拜访 )
2. 以不发音 e 结尾的单词直接加-d
taste --- tasted( 品尝 ) live --- lived ( 居住,活)
hope --- hoped( 希望 ) maxtordecide --- decided ( 决定)
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
stop --- stopped ( 停 ) beg --- begged ( 乞求 )
drop --- dropped ( 落下 ) plan --- planned ( moreover是什么意思计划 )
4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词,变 y 为 i,再加-ed
study --- studied ( 学习 ) carry --- carried ( 搬运 )
worry --- worried( 担心 ) cry --- cried ( 哭泣 )
【不规则变化】(提示:结合单词结构特点帮助记住不规则变化的单词;第一个 字母代表原形,第二个字母代表过去式)
1.1. AB 型不规则动词(提示:对比 A 组和 B 组变化的字母,并标出来方便记忆) keep --- kept(保持) ll --- sold(卖)
spend --- spent (花费) pay --- paid (支付)
speak --- spoke (讲) wear --- wore (穿着)
know --- knew (知道) sink --- sank (淹没)
drive --- drove (驾驶) eat --- ate (吃)
take --- took (拿,取) ring --- rang(打电话)
begin --- began(开始) go --- went(去,走)
do --- did (做) have --- had(吃喝有)
come --- came (来) nd --- ntsnip (发送,邮寄)
e --- saw (看见) find --- found(找到,发现) lie --- lay(躺)
1.2. AB 型不规则动词①
①一些动词的过去式以-aught 结尾
teach --- taught(教导) catch --- caught(赶上,抓)
the zodiac②一些动词的过去式以-ought 结尾
think --- thought (想,以为) buy --- bought (买)
bring --- brought (带来) fight --- fought (战斗)
【口诀】
有 a 实则 (aught)不算多, teach, catch 就两个;
无 a 有 o (ought)有几个,bring, think, buy, fight。
2. AA 型不规则动词②
cut --- cut (割) put --- put (放)
hit --- hit (击中)
let --- let (让)
hurt --- hurt (受伤)
cost --- cost (花费)
read --- read (阅读)
beat --- beat (打,击败)
【口诀】 让(let)他们放(put)下切(cut)刀来读(read)书,以免敲(hit)打(beat)受伤(hurt)aluminumalloy要花钱 (cost)
三、用法
1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。
Liu Ying was in America last year.
Jim rang you just now.
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与 always,never 等连用。
Mrs.Peter always carried an umbrella.
We often went out for a walk after supper.
3. 有些情况,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是过去发生的或存 在的状态,应用过去时态。
He bought a cat, and now they are good friends
I didn’t know you were in London.
4. 在谈到已去世的人时,也多用过去时。
Lu Xun was a great writer.
4. 在过去一段时间里,具有先后顺序发生的动作,用一般过去时
Eg:He got up,washed his face,had breakfast and then went to school.
5. 在时间,条件,方式状语从句中,用一般过去时代替过去将来时
Eg:She said when the teacher came,she would let me know.
If it didn’t rain the next day,we would have a picnic.
四、句型转换
1. 含 Be 动词句型
肯定句:主语 invitrogen+ was/were + 其他 → I was a pilot. 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 其他 → I was not a pilot. 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他 → Were you a pilot?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. → Yes, I was.
否定回答:No, 主语 + was/were+ not. → No, I wasn’t.
2. 含实义动词句型
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式(V-ed)+ 其他 → He went to the market.
否定句:主语 + did + not +动词 parting 原 形 + 其他 → He didn’t go to the market.
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词 原 形 + 其他 → Did he go to the market?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. → Yes, he did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + did + not. → No, he圣诞快乐的英文 didn’t.
五、一般过去时中,常见的时间状语或标志词
1.yesterday, the day before
2.last night, last week,
3.ago, five years
4.just now, once upon a time(很久以前)…
5.in 2010, at the age of 5…
【例子】
I was happy last night.
You were back yesterday.
He was in Beijing last weekend.
There were many animals in the forest 50 years ago.
I learned to ride a bike at the age of 6.