GreatExpectations
obama speechGreat Expectations
[导读]下面的一段选自查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）的《远大前程》（1860－1861），这是他比较晚期的作品。狄更斯经历了丰富的人间生活后，对人，对周围环境，对自己的生活经历都有了深刻的认识，而所有他成熟的思想认识都汇总在《远大前程》一书中。
looGreat Expectations，意思是指一笔遗产，中文有的译为“远大前程”（有的译作“孤星血泪”）。这个译名给读者一种印象，即作品的主人公是有远大前程的。而事实上，这个“远大前程”是带讽刺意义的，这部作品的主题决非仅仅是写孤儿皮普想当上等人的理想幻灭的故事，如果这样理解，就领会错了狄更斯创作这部作品的意义。皮普生活在姐姐家里，生活艰苦，他的理想是当一名像姐夫一样的铁匠，他没有想当上等人。后来他之所以想当上等人是因为环境的改变。狄更斯的哲学思想之一是环境对人思想的影响。不同的环境可以造就成不同的人。皮普的整个发展过程是符合一般人性理论的。
这部作品的语言可谓是出神入化，要学习英国语言，这是一本典范。狄更斯的作品不矫揉造作，不选用那些华而不实的词语。他的用词都简单明了，朴实易懂。所以文字读来朴实无华，如行云流水。
As the night was fast falling, and as the moon, being past the full, would not ri early, we held a little council: a short one, for clearly our cour was to lie by at the first lonely tavern we could find. So, they plied their oars once more, and I looked out for anything like a hou. Thus we held on, speaking little, for four or five dull miles. It was very cold, and, a collier coming by us, with her gallery-fire smoking and flaring, looked like a comfortable home. The night was as dark by this time as it would be until morning; and what li ght we had, emed to come more from the river than the sky, as the oars in their dipping stuck at a few reflected stars.
[注释]
council：An asmbly of persons called together for consultation, deliberation, o
r discussion讨论会议promotes
tavern：酒馆, 客栈
plied their oars：使劲划起桨来
collier：运煤船
类似摩登家庭的美剧
gallery-fire：厨房
[参考译文]
孤星血泪天黑得很快，偏巧这天又是下弦月，月亮不会很早升起。我们就稍稍商量了一下，可是也用不到多讨论，因为情况是明摆着的，再划下去我们一遇到冷落的酒店就得投宿。于是他们又使劲打起桨来，我则用心寻找岸上是否隐隐约约有什么房屋的模样。这样又赶了四五英里路，一路上好不气闷，大家简直不说一句话。天气非常冷，一艘煤船从我们近旁驶过，船上厨房里生着火，炊烟缕缕，火光荧荧，在我们看来简直就是个安乐家了。这时夜色已经黑透，看来就要这样一黑到天明，我们仅有的一点光亮，是乎不是来自天空，而是来自河上，一桨又一桨的，搅动着那寥寥几颗倒映在水里的寒星。
（翻译竞赛）A Tribute To The Dog
[导读]这是一篇奇文。因为它是一篇法庭辩护词，作者George Graham (1830-19 04) 是美国密苏里州的一个议员，是当时杰出的演讲家和辩论家。本篇是他早年从事法律工作时在法庭上为一位因狗被杀而起诉的人做辩护词。辩护时，Vest 没有要求任何证词，只是凭借其辩论就赢得了官司。他辩词的撼人之处在于：拿出人类兽性的一面与狗人性的一面作对比，引起法官们对狗的感激和同情，以及对杀狗人的强烈憎恶。这不仅仅是一篇辩护词，也是一篇优秀的讲演稿，更是对人性的呼唤…… 本短文共有九个限制性定语从句及一个非限制性定语从句可供参考、学习。
cautious英语3级bThe best friend a man has in the world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter that he has reared with loving care may prove u ngrateful. Tho who are nearest and dearest to us, tho whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith. The mo ney that a man has he may lo. . It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-consid ered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor
when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when f ailure ttles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolutely unlfish friend that man can have in this lfish world, the one that never derts him, the one t hat never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.
A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sick ness. He will sleep on the cold ground, where the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he may be near his master's side. He will kiss th e hand that has no food to offer; he will lick the wounds and sores that come from encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince. When all other friends dert, he remain s. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journeys through the heavens.
If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and home less, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him, to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last s cene of all comes, and death ta
kes the master in its embrace, and his body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by the grave will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness, faithful and true even in death.
[注释]
tribute n.: phra. 赞颂。
坚持到底的英文早上好 日语turn against: appo; become hostile to. 反对；仇视。
rear v.: bring up. 教养；养育。用爱心抚养出来的儿女也会不知感激。那些和我们亲近的人、我们信任的人也可能成为traitors（背叛者）。
ungrateful adj.: not thankful for favors. 忘恩负义的。
good name: high reputation. 好名声。
become traitors to their faith: betray their trust. 背信。
ill-considered: unwi; not well considered. 不智的；思虑不周的。
放飞理想演讲稿prone to: inclied to; apt to. 易于…..
fall on their knees: kneel down. 跪下。
do us honor: treat us with respect. 尊敬我们。
throw the stone of malice: do harm to a person, especially in the dark. 投井
下石；恶意中伤。
malice：“恶意”、“伤害某人的意愿”。有些人在我们成功时，随时都会跪倒在面前以示尊敬，而当我们遭遇失败时，会第一个恶毒地向我们扔石头。
when failure ttles its clouds upon our heads: when we are in adversity. 当我们在患难时。
dert v.: abandon; forsake. 离弃。
reacherous adj.: disloyal; traitorous. 不忠的；背叛的；阴险的；奸诈的。而狗却不是这样，狗在任何时候都对主人忠心耿耿，无论其穷富、身体健康与否。stand by: love; support. 爱戴；扶助。
prosperity n.: wealth. 富裕。
wintry winds: cold winds 寒风。wintry：winter的形容词形式，表示“冬天的”、“寒冷的”意思。只要能靠近它的主人，哪怕是睡在冰凉的地上、任由寒风侵袭，狗都无怨无悔。
lick v.: pass the tongue over. 舔。
sore n.: painful spot. 痛处。
encounter n.: combat; meeting. 抵挡；相遇。
roughness n.: rudeness of behavior. 粗暴行为。
细叶芹
