9 Techniques redefined
1.task 2.activity 3.procedure 4.practice,behavior,exerci,hnique
Categorizing techniques:
1.from manipulation to hnical meaningful, and communicative lled to free techniques
What is interaction?
Interaction is the collaborative exchange of thoughts, feeling or ideas between two or more people resulting in a reciprocal effect on each other. Theories of communication competence emphasize the importance of interaction as human beings u language in various contexts to “negotiate” meaning ,or simple stated to get one idea out of your head and into the head of another person and vice versa.
Interaction principles:十大幼儿英语品牌
1.automaticity 2.intrinsic motivation 3.strategic investment 4.risk-taking 5.interlanguage 6.the language-culture connection7 communication competence
Roles of the interactive teacher
The teacher as controller, director, manager, facilitator, resource.
butterfly fly away11.Advantages of group work
1.group work generates interactive up work offers an embracing affective climate. 3.group work promotes learner responsibility and up work is a step toward individualizing instruction.
Excus for avoiding group work
prefect1.the teacher is no longer in control of the class. 2. students will u their native language 3. students’ errors will be reinforced in small groups. 4.teachers cannot monitor all groups at once. 5. some learners prefer to work alone.人防工程管理
Selecting appropriate group techniques:
1.games 2. role-play and simulations 3. drama 4. projects 5.interiew 6. brainstorming 7.information gap 8. jigsaw 9. problem solving and decision making 10. opinion exchange
12.Developing student lf-awareness of style tendencies
1. informal lf-check lists 2. formal personality and cognitive style tests 3. reading lectures discussion 4. impromptu teacher-initiated advice
How to teach strategies in the classroom
1. teach strategies through interactive techniques 2.u compensatory techniques 3.administer a strategy inventory 4. impromptu teacher-initiated advice.
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14.1. What makes listening/speaking difficult?
(1)Clustering;(2)Redundancy;(3)Reduced forms(4)Performance variables(5)Colloquial language (6)Rate of delivery(7)Stress,rhythm,and intonation(8)Interaction
副词比较级2. Types of classroom listening performance
(1)Reactive (2)intensive (3)responsive (4)lective(5)extensive(6)interactive
3. principles for designing listening techniques
(1)in an interactive, four-skills curriculum, make sure that you don’t overlook the importance of techniques that specifically develop listening comprehension competence.
(2)techniques should be intrinsically motivating.
(3)techniques should utilize authentic language and context.
(4)carefully consider the form of listeners’ respons.
(5)encouragethe development of listening strategies.
(6)include both bottom-up and top-down listening techniques.
4. factors affecting pronunciation learning
(1)Native language(2) age (3)exposure(4)innate phonetic ability (5)identity and language ego(6)motivation and concern for good pronunciation
5. types of classroom speaking performance
(1)Imitative(2)Intensive(3)Responsive(4)Transactional(dialogue)
(5)interpersonal(dialogue)(6)extensive(monologue)
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6. Principles for Designing Speaking Techniques
(1)Techniques should cover the spectrum of learner needs, from language-bad focus on accuracy to message-bad focus on interaction, meaning, and fluency.
(2)Techniques should be intrinsically motivating.
(3)Techniques should encourage the u of authentic language in meaningful contexts.
(4)Provide appropriate feedback and correction.
(5)Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening.
(6)give students opportunities to initiate oral communication
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(7)encourage the development of speaking strategies
(8)interactive techniques.
(9)individual practice:oral dialogue journals.
15.Oral communication skills in pedagogical rearch
1 accuracy and fluency 2. the place of pronunciation teaching 3. affective 4.the interaction effect
What makes speaking difficult
1. dundancy 3. reduced form 4.performance lloquial 6.rate of delivery
枯萎7.stress, rhythm and intonation
枯萎Factors affecting pronunciation learning
native language 2. posure 4. innate phonetic ability 5. identity and language 6 motivation and concer for good 7. pronunciation
