名词解释（10选5，一个4分）
哈哈大笑的意思词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.
词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the
main lexical meaning of the word.
词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.
一词多义=Polymy =Polymy means means means that that that one one one single single single word word word has has has two two two or or or more more ns at the same time.
同形异义=Homonyms =Homonyms are
are are different different words words with with with the the the same same same form form (spelling or pronunciation)
完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning.
同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning.
同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning.
同义关系=Synonymy Synonymy is
is is a a a relationship relationship relationship of of of “sameness “sameness “sameness of of of meaning” meaning” that may hold between two words. 反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.
上下义关系=Hyponymy is the n relationship that relates words hierarchically. The underlying obrvation is that some words have a more general meaning, while others have a more specific meaning, while referring to the same entity.
问答题（6选3，一题10分）分）
1. (1)What does onomatopoetic motivation mean?
(2)What does mantic motivation mean?
(3)Do it contradict the statement that there is no natural connection between sound and meaning?
Answer:
gre成绩查询(1)Onomatopoeic motivation means means defining defining defining the the the principle principle principle of of motivation by sound.
(2)Semantic motivation means that motivation is bad on mantic factors.
(3)Facts (3)Facts have have have proved proved proved this this this argument argument to to be be be valid. valid. valid. W W ords ords that that convey convey the the the same same same meaning meaning meaning have have have different different different phonological phonological phonological forms forms forms in in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chine ròròu. u. u. Alternatively, Alternatively, the the same same same phonological phonological phonological forms forms forms may may may convey convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.)
2. How many kinds of meaning are there in English?
Answer: Answer: There There There are are are 8 8 8 kinds kinds kinds of of of meaning meaning meaning in in in English, English, English, including including grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, denotative meaning, associative meaning, connotative meaning, social (stylistic) meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning.
3. (1)What is context?
(2)What role do context play in linguistic communication? （以下答案摘自网络，回答稍冗长，请适当精简）
Answer:
(1)Context in its traditional n refers to the lexical items that precede or follow a given word. And there is linguistic context, refers refers to to to the the the words, words, words, claus, claus, claus, ntences, ntences, ntences, paragraphs, paragraphs, paragraphs, or or or whole whole books books in in in which which which a a a word word word appears. appears. appears. And And And extra-linguistic extra-linguistic extra-linguistic co
ntext, context, which which refers refers refers to to to a a a particular particular particular time, time, time, space, space, space, or or or culture culture culture in in in which which which a a word word appears. appears. appears. There There There also also also is is is lexical lexical lexical context: context: context: the the the lexemes lexemes lexemes that that co-occur with the word in question. The meaning of the word is affected or determined by the neighboring lexemes. mosc
(2)Context can function as followed: eliminating ambiguity; conveying emotional overtones; indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word.
4.
5. (1)What are the major types of synonymy?
(2)(3)Explain tho types with examples.
研究生网上报名流程Answer: (1)In (1)In general, general, general, English English English synonyms synonyms synonyms can can can be be be divided into divided into two two types: types: complete synonyms and relative synonyms.
(2)Absolute synonyms are words who meaning is fully affs
identical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without t he slightest change in
the slightest change in meaning. For example: （例子自己找）（例子自己找）
(3)Relative synonyms refers to which denote different shades of meaning meaning or or or different different different degrees degrees degrees of of of a a a given given given quality. quality. quality. This This This kinds kinds kinds of of synonyms are the same in some degree such as （例子自己找）（例子自己找）
6. (1)What are the major types of antonymy?
(2)(3)(4)(5)Explain tho types with examples.
avitarAnswer:
(1)There are four types of antonymy, including complementaries, gradable antonyms, relational opposites and mantic incompatibles
(2)Complementaries (2)Complementaries refer refer refer to to to pairs pairs pairs of of of words words words that that that reprent reprent reprent an an either/or relation. （例子找书去）（例子找书去）欧盟是什么
iline
(3) Antonyms Antonyms of of of this this this type type type are are are best best best viewed viewed viewed in in in terms terms terms of of of a a a scale scale
running running between between between two two two poles poles poles or or or extremes. extremes. extremes. The The The two two two opposites opposites opposites are are gradable. （例子找书去）（例子找书去）
三人行必有我师英文(4)
The substitution of one member for the other does not change the the meaning of a ntence if it is accompanied by the change of meaning of a ntence if it is accompanied by the change of subject and object. （例子找书去）（例子找书去）
（例子找书去） (5) (5) The The The words words words in in in a a a group group group of of mantic mantic incompatibles incompatibles incompatibles are are are in in contrast t
o the other members of the group, showing a contrastingness relationship between word and word （例子找书去）去）
complete7. What are the possible caus of language change?
(由于网上答案太泛，思路混乱，因此直接将课本原话翻译过来作为答案。)
Answer:
The The possible possible possible caus caus caus of of of language language language change change change are are are as as as followed: followed: followed: (1) (1) V arious arious social social social caus caus caus (including (including (including the the the change change change of of of social social social evolution, evolution, social environment, social level, national ntiment, racial ntiment, ntiment, gender gender gender differences, differences, differences, social social social values values values and and and gobbledygook). gobbledygook).
(2) (2) The The The evolution evolution evolution of of of the the the language language language (including (including (including loanword, loanword, loanword, analogy analogy and the simplifying of words)
