动词的-ing形式 动词的-ingbereave形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（3d是什么意思gerund）和“现在分词”（prent participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、 动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 1动词 -ing形式的一般式
(1.) 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold. 天冷时他们喜欢呆在室内。（泛指）
(2.) 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
牛津小学英语2b They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。
shut up什么意思 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。
He saw a girl getting on the car.他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 (She was getting on the car.)
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 (3.) efficiency动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发动作。
I remembered nding him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 I'm looking forward to eing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 2.动词-ing形式的完成式
动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3ipad怎么读年，她对这里已很熟悉。
I really regretted having misd such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 Having no interest in the topic， he didn‘t go to the lecture. 由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。
注意：
圣诞节快乐的英文怎么写在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。
I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture.
错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 (=I really regretted having misd such an exciting lecture.)
We remembered eing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 (=We remembered having en the film. ) 3 动词-ing形式的被动形式
动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。
( 1．) 一般式的被动形式 (being done)
The question being discusd is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
I can't stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久候。 The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance. 正在北京召开的会议非常重要。
They didn't mind being treated like guests. 他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。
(2.) 完成式的被动形式 (having been done)
I heard of his having been chon to be the coach of the team. 我听说他被选为球队的教练。
Having been shown the lab, we were taken to e the school library.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。
4.动词外教英语培训-ing形式的否定形式
动词的-ing形式的否定形式是由not加动词的-ing形式构成。
His not coming made everyone prent very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。
I'm sorry for not being prent at the meeting in time. 我很抱歉没能按时赴会。
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 练一练 1．I’m looking forward to __________ from you soon. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard 2. I remember __________ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to pay B. paying C. to have paid D. being paid 3._________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 4. Though ________money, his parents managed to nd him to university. A. lacked 名词所有格 B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 5. European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 6. Tony was very unhappy for ________ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 7._______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A. To be tired B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired 8.At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ___in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered 9. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 10. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 11. __ many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 13. The government plans to bring in new laws ____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 加拿大的城市 | 
