不定式误用辨析
不定式误用辨析
1.中文：为了准时，我们加快了步伐。
(误)So as to be in time we hurried.
(正)In order to be in time we hurried.（so as to只可放在句中，in order to可放在句首或句中。）
2.中文：你说这些话真傻。
(误)It's very foolish for you to say so.
(正)It's very foolish of you to say so.（表示评价的形容词被带逻辑主语的不定式修饰时，介词要用of。）
3.中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗？
(误)Didn't you ask them to never do that?
(正)Didn't you ask them never to do that?（never要放在to之前。）
4.中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗？
(误)Here is a new book for you to read it.
(正)Here is a new book for you to read.（作形容词用法的带逻辑主语的不定式for you to read的宾语，实际上就是它所修饰的new book，其后不可再加宾语。）
5.中文：他够年龄，可以上学了。
(误)He is old enough so that he can go to school.
(正)He is old enough to go to school.（形容词＋enough＋不定式表示足够…而可。）
6.中文：他太好了，寄给我许多书。
(误)He was so good to nd me a lot of books.
(正)He was so good as to nd me a lot of books.（so...as to表示如此…以致。）
7.中文：你最好不要在下雨天出去。
(误)You had better not to go out in the rain.
(正)You had better not go out in the rain.（had better(not)后接原形不定式。）
8.中文：你喜欢听别人谈话吗？
(误)Do you like listening to others to talk?
(正)Do you like listening to others talk?（感官动词或使役动词的宾语补语用原形不定式。）
---------By Bao Zhao
1. 不定式的用法------1.1 不定式作主语
不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not u it.不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
It emed lfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
botanical但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如：
（对）To teach is to learn.
（错）wormwoodIt is to learn to teach.
（错）To teach is learning.
（错）Teaching is to learn.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be at D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
1.1.1 不定式做主语 It's for sb/It's of sb to do sth
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
1.2 不定式作宾语
1） 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。例如：
afford | aim | agree | arrange | ask | decide |
bother | steel structurecare | choo | demand | desire | determine |
elect | endeavor | 读卖新闻hope | fail | help | learn |
long 渴望 | mean | manage | offer | plan | pretend |
refu | tend 英语程序 | undertake | expect | hate | intend |
葡萄牙语入门 | | | | | |
例如：
The driver failed to e the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2）有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：
ask | choo | expect | 研究生英语分数线 help | beg | intend |
like/love | need | prefer | prepare | want | wish |
| | | | | 穷爸爸 |
例如：
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。
I 八年级英语下册教学计划want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如：
decide | know | consider | forget | learn | remember |
show, | wonder | find out | tell | inquire | explain |
| | | | | | hormiga
例如：
Plea show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I don't know which to buy.
有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
1.3 不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。
His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
1.4 不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。
There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。
1.5 不定式作状语
1）目的状语
常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do, so as to do, so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。例如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
