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高考英语语法专题讲与练之定语从句

更新时间:2023-05-21 05:52:46 阅读：评论：0

高考英语语法专题讲与练之定语从句

高考英语语法专题讲与练◉专题九定语从句

常见考点：

1. 指物时只用that或which的情况

2. 介词+关系代词

3. who的用法及转换形式

4. as与which的区别

5. 指人时that与who的区别

6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词

aphone7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语（也就是形容词）的作用。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词（who, whom, that, which, who）或关系副词(where, when, why)。如：

The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

先行词关系代词

二、关系代词和关系副词的用法

关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句，代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表：

invite

	词例	先行词	充当成分	richway例句
关系代词	who	人	主语	This is the doctor who saved my life. 这就是那个救了我生命的医生。
	whom	人	宾语	She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you深圳电脑培训. 她就是那个我想告诉你的新学生。
	that	人、物	主语、宾语	Football is a game that is liked by many people. 足球是一项许多人都喜爱的项目。 The man (that) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚碰到的那个人是我的朋友。
	which	物	主语、宾语	Plea pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请把桌上的那本书递给我。 The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的那本小说很有趣。 imatinib
	as	物	主语、宾语	The earth, as is known to all, is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。
	杜特蒂who=of whom /of which	人、物	定语	The professor who daughter teaches you english is Dr. Williams. 他是威廉姆斯教授，他的女儿教你英语。
关系副词	when=at/in/on /during which	时间	状语	We will never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的日子。
	where=at/in/to which	地点	状语	This is the hou where he lived. 这是他住过的房子。
	why=for which	原因	状语	I know the reason why she works so well. 我知道她为何工作出色的原因。志愿者英语作文

三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别

	限定性定语从句	非限定性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系	从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确	从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚或完整
标点符号	从句与主句之间不用逗号分开	从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开
关系代词	指人用who/whom/that	指人用who(作主语)/whom(作宾语)
	指物用which/that	指物用which
	指人和物用who	指人和物用who
	关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略	关系代词一般不可省略
修饰	从句只修饰一个名词或代词	可以修饰一个词，也可修饰整个主句
翻译	定语从句通常译成被修饰语的前置定语深圳游学(先翻译从句再翻译先行词)	定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子

四、关系代词的选用

1. 只能用that作关系代词的情况

	说明	例句
1	当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something除外)	Pay attention to everything that I do. 注意我所做的一切。
2	当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时	He has little time that he can spare. 他几乎抽不出一点时间。
3	当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时	This is the best novel (that) I have read. 这是我读过的最好的小说。
4	如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时	They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. 他们正在谈论他们记得的在中学里的人和事。
5	当先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same等等修饰时	This is the last time that I want to e you. 这是最后一次我想见到你。
6	当疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that	Which of the students that knows something about history? 了解历史的学生是哪一位?
7	当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略	This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. 这是去北京最快的火车。
8	当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略	China is not the country (that) it was. 中国不是以前的中国了。

2. 指物只能用which不用that的情况

	说明	例句
1	在非限定性定语从句中	St. Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city. 圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市，它曾被称作“列宁格勒”。
2	在介词后面	This is the room in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年住的那个屋子。

3. 指人时只能用who不用that的情况

说明	例句 pet3
先行词为one, ones, tho, anyone, he时	Tho who break the law must be punished. 那些违反法律的人必须受到惩罚。

4. as与which

as与which均可引导非限定性定语从句，有时可以互换，但也存在区别

说明	例句
与such或the same连用时，一般用as	Such money as he earned was spent on books. 他挣得那些钱被花在了买书上。
as引导的从句可以放在句首，as表“正如……”之意	As we all know, the earth is round. 正如我们所知道的，地球是圆的。
当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态	She has been abnt again, as is expected. 她又缺席了，这在预料之中。
当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which	My parents treat me as a baby, which I can’t bear. 我父母常常把我当小孩看，这是我难以忍受的。

庐舍

5. 定语从句中的主谓一致

定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。如：

Don’t choo me, who am not fit for the job. 别选我，我不适合这份工作。

考点练透

语法填空之定语从句关系代词100题

1．. (2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

2．（2015新课标I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists eking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chine paintings.

3．For tho who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a place ________ we must visit.

4．The Japane government and Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the firm ________ runs the site, have emphasized that the main radionuclide (放射性核) remaining is tritium (氚).

5．The Rio Carnival is without doubt something ________ everyone should add to his or her bucket list.

6．The students benefiting most from college are tho ______ are totally engaged in academic life.

7．In the cafe, customers will enjoy themlves in the historical environment _________ is created for them.

8．Anyone ________ is caught providing food for San Francisco's pigeons could face a heavy fine.

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