Teaching material for scientific English
一、元素和单质的命名
“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。
1主族元素和单质：
2过渡元素和单质
Fe : iron Mn : mangane Cu: copper Zn: zinc
Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold
二化合物的命名：
化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀：mono-di -tri- tetra -penta- hexa-hepta- octa-，nona-,
deca-，但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。
1．化合物正电荷部分的读法：
直呼其名，即读其元素名称。
如CO: carbon monoxide AlO: aluminium oxide 32NO ：Di nitrogen tetroxide 42对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic表示高价。
赖世雄英语
如FeO: iron(II) oxide 或ferrous oxide FeO: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide 32CuO: copper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide 2２．化合物负电荷部分的读法：
２．１二元化合物：
常见的二元化合物有卤化物，氧化物，硫化物，氮化物，磷化物，碳化物，金属氢化物等，命名时需要使用后缀-ide，
如：fluoride，chloride，bromide，iodide，oxide ，sulfide ，nitride, phosphide, carbide，-的
名称也是用后缀-ide：hydroxidehydride; OH，
非金属氢化物不用此后缀，而是将其看成其它二元化合物（见２。２）；非最低价的二2-- : superoxide元化合物还要加前缀，如Operoxide : O 22举例：NaF: sodium fluoride AlCl: aluminium chloride 3MgN: magnesium nitride AgS：silver sulfide 223
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青云翻译Teaching material for scientific English
CaC: calcium carbide Fe(OH)：iron(II) hydroxide 22
有些物质常用俗称，如NO nitric oxide NO nitrous oxide
2２．２非金属氢化物
除了水和氨气使用俗称water，ammonia以外，其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。对于卤族和氧族氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成另一元素的二元化合物。
举例：HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride
HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodide
HS hydrogen sulfide HSe hydrogen lenide 22HTe hydrogen telluride 2对于其它族的非金属氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在后面，可加后缀—ane，氮族还可加-ine
愚蠢的拼音
举例：PH: phosphine或phosphane AsH: arsine或arsane 33SbH: stibine或stibane
BiH: bismuthane
33CH: methane SiH: silane BH: diborane 6442２．３无氧酸
命名规则：hydro-词根-ic acid
举例：HCl: hydrochloric acid
HS : hydrosulfuric acid 2２．４含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子
化学专业英语用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子，价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀。
高某酸per-ic 正酸–ic亚酸-ous 次酸hypo-ous
回归造句高某酸根per-ate 正酸根–ate 亚酸根-ite 次酸根hypo-ite
其它的前缀还有ortho-正meta- 偏thio-硫代
- perchlorate ion
ClO perchloric acid 举例：HClO4 4
- chlorate ion ClO HClOchloric acid 33
- chlorite ion
ClO HClOchlorous acid 2 2
-hypochlorite ion ClOHClO hypochlorous acid
HSO sulfuric acid HSO sulfurous acid 34 22HNO nitric acid HNO nitrous acid 232- thiosulfate ion SOmetaphosphoric acid HPO 32 3
２．５盐
正盐：根据化学式从左往右分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称。
如FeSOiron(II) sulfate KMnO potassium permanganate
4 4
酸式盐：同正盐的读法，酸根中的Ｈ读做hydrogen，氢原子的个数用前缀表示。
如NaHCO: sodium hydrogen carbonate 或sodium bicarbonate 3 NaHPO sodium dihydrogenphosphate
4:2复盐：同正盐的读法，并且阳离子按英文名称的第一个字母顺序读。
如KNaCO: potassium sodium carbonate
3NaNHHPO: ammonium sodium hydrogen phosphate
44水合盐：结晶水读做water或hydrate
如AlCl.6HO: aluminum chloride 6-water或aluminum chloride hexahydrate 23AlK(SO)12HO aluminium potassium sulphate 12-water24 2三物理性质（physical properties）页4 共页2 第
Teaching material for scientific English
colour: colorless, red-brown, violet-black, purple-black, pale yellow, dark brown
smell: odorless, pungent, penetrating, offensive, choking, bitter, sour, sweet
state: solid, liquid, gas, gaous, oily, crystalline, uncrystalline, molten, fud
solubility: soluble, insoluble, slightly soluble, very soluble ,
density: heavy, light , less den, denr, greatly denr, slightly denr,
about the same den
hardness: hard, soft , ductile, malleable
toxicity:toxic, poisonous
melting point, boiling point: high, low
conductiv ity: electrical conductivity ; thermal conductivity ; conductor ; insulator;
miconductor
四化学性质 (chemical properties)
stability: stable , unstable, reactive, unreactive
redox property: oxidizing ability, reducing ability, oxidizing agent(oxidant), reducing agent (reductant), oxidation, reduction, oxidation state, valence, strong, weak
acid-ba property: acidic, basic, strong, weak, monohydroxy ba, monoprotic acid,
五化学方程式（Chemical Equations）
1 反应名称：
Combination；decomposition；single displacement；double displacement；redox reaction；nonredox reaction；disproportionation；neutralization；exothermic reaction; endothermic reaction;
雅思培训环球雅思reversible reaction; forward reaction; rever reaction; spontaneous reaction; nonspontaneous
reaction
2 反应条件：
heat; burn; ignite/ignition ; electrolyze/electrolysis; under/at ambient/room temperature; under
standard pressure; with/in the prence of a catalyst
3 读法：
3.1 Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the prence of a catalyst.
1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form
2 mol ammonia at high temperature and
pressure with the prence of a catalyst.fsdfsd
3.2 Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with
the prence of a catalyst.
Ammonia decompos to nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the prence of a catalyst.
3.3 Reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the prence of a catalyst gives ammonia.
At high temperature and pressure, reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen in the prence of a catalyst takes place.
六化学计算(Chemical Calculation)
1 化学术语：
atomic mass/weight ; molecular weight; amount (of substance); mole; number of moles; molar
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Teaching material for scientific English
mass; molar volume; concentration; molarity ; excess agent; limiting agent；reactant; product; yield;
sour的反义词2 数学术语：
＋－×÷
运算名称addition subtraction mulplication division
动词读法add substract(ed)·from multiply(ied)·by divide(d)·by
over the moon介词读法plus minus times over
运算结果sum difference product quotient
0.001 o/zero point o o one
2/3 two thirds
＝equals/is equal to
≈is approximately equal to
＜less than
＞greater than
23-10xx to the minus tenth power ; x cubed x x squared ; x o c one hundred degrees centigrade 1005% five percent (by mass, volume)
（）round brackets/parenthes
瑞典语[ ] square/angular brackets
{} braces
tetrahedral trigonal square linear planar
七化学实验（Chemical Experiments ）
1 实验用品( equipments / apparatus )melissa
烧瓶round-bottom/Florence flask 锥形瓶(conical) Erlenmeyer flask
三角漏斗funnel 长颈漏斗thistle tube 试管架test-tube rack
集气瓶bottle ; glass jar 滴定管burette 烧杯beaker
玻棒glass rod 洗瓶wash bottle 干燥管drying tube
试管刷test tube brush 温度计thermometer 火柴match
酒精灯burner 石棉网wire gauze 铁架台iron stand
指示剂indicator 酚酞phenolphthalein U型管U tube
石蕊litmus 甲基橙methyl orange 淀粉starch
橡皮塞rubber stopper 橡皮管rubber tube 滴管eye dropper
角匙spoon 蒸发皿evaporation dish 滤纸filter paper 研，棒mortar and pestle 量筒graduated cylinder 天平balance
2 实验报告:
aims ; principles/introduction ; procedures ; obrvations; conclusion/deduction
brisk effervescence, precipitate, milky, aqueous solution
3实验类型：
confirmative test ; inquiry test; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis ; measurement / determination on
4实验操作：
collect gas （over water; upward displacement of air; downward delivery）bubble gas through ; dry gas ; suck bac
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